Conceptual Physics, High School Edition Chapter 25.

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Presentation transcript:

Conceptual Physics, High School Edition Chapter 25

 Motion of an object that regularly repeats  The object returns to a given position after a fixed time interval  Interchangeable terms: ◦ periodic motion ◦ oscillatory motion ◦ simple harmonic motion

 undisturbed/resting position  The place where the object would rest if it were not oscillating  Mass on a spring: midpoint of oscillation  Pendulum: lowest point in the swing

 A is the amplitude of the motion Maximum or minimum position from equilibrium of the object Mass on a spring: vertical distance from equilibrium to either highest or lowest point in its oscillation Pendulum: vertical distance from equilibrium to highest point in its swing

 T  time interval required for the object to go through one full cycle of its motion

 The inverse of the period  number of oscillations that the object undergoes per unit time interval (you pick the time interval)

 Oscillations are the source of waves  Only energy is transferred over a distance  Matter is not transferred over a distance ◦ Particles in the wave move in periodic motion, but aren’t transferred over distance

 A single bump is formed by flicking the end and travels along the rope ◦ The bump is called a pulse  The rope is the medium through which the pulse travels  The pulse has a definite height: amplitude  The pulse has a definite speed of propagation along the medium  continuous flicking of the rope = oscillation of your hand, produces a wave

 elements of the disturbed medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave itself: transverse wave

 elements of the disturbed medium move parallel to the direction of the wave itself: longitudinal wave

 crest of the wave: location of the maximum displacement of the medium from equilibrium  This distance = amplitude, A  wavelength,, is the distance from one crest to the next (or between identical points)

 ƒ, frequency  the number of crests (or any successive point on the wave) that pass a given point in a unit time interval

 T, period  The time it takes for one complete wave to pass a point in space (e.g. time from one crest passing to the next)