Latitude and Longitude

+meridian

Compass Directions navigational instrument that shows __________________in a frame of reference on the Earth “ N ever E at S oggy W heat” directions

Latitude - or FLATitude - Lines that run _____________________________ Reference line: ___________________________ Reference line: ___________________________ Measure ____________________________________ of equator How to remember: ladder EAST/WEST The Equator NORTH/SOUTH

Latitude How far North or South something is from the equator! Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere (90°N) (90°S) Increasing from 0° at equator to 90°N at NP Increasing from 0° at equator to 90°S at SP

Any location north of the equator is a NORTH LATITUDE

Any location south of the equator is a SOUTH LATITUDE

How can we measure latitude without a GPS? POLARIS!!!

Polaris POLARIS: a _____________ located directly above the ____________________________ (also called the “North Star”) Angle from the horizon to Polaris gives an observer their ______________________ Only works in the Northern Hemisphere... WHY star North Pole latitude

Polaris Zenith

Polaris

What would be this observers latitude?

At what altitude would we see Polaris in the Night Sky here in Greenville, NY?

Longitude Lines that run ____________________________ Reference line: ___________________________(0°) – passes through Greenwich, England Measure ____________________________ of Prime Meridian Meet at the POLES! Way to remember: Orange NORTH/SOUTH Prime Meridian EAST/WEST

The Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England

Longitude Lines of longitude go up to 180° east or south of Prime Meridian and meet at the _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ International Date Line

Any location west of the prime meridian is a WEST LONGITUDE

Any location east of the prime meridian is an EAST LONGITUDE

How can we measure Longitude without a GPS?

Longitude without a GPS Sun at highest point at _______________________ It takes ________ hours for the Earth to rotate 360° Sun moves across the sky at ______________________ So longitude can be measured simply with a clock! noon (12 pm) 24 15°per hour

Orange cut through lines of longitude Orange cut through lines of latitude

Is it possible to walk around the globe crossing all 360° of longitude in a minute? If so, where? Is it possible to walk across all lines of latitude in a minute? If so, where?

By combining latitude and longitude, any point can be pinpointed

Why do we need a grid system?

A location’s coordinates: _______ °N or °S, _______ °E or °W Example: Detroit 42°N 83°W

What are the coordinates of location A? What are the coordinates of location B? What are the coordinates of location C? 0° 15° N 30° N 45° N 60° N 75° N 0° W15° W30° W45° W60° W75° W 90° W 105° W A B C