Refugees, Immigration & Gov’t. Policies

2 Global Migration Patterns Major flows of migration are from less developed to more developed countries

3 Core-Periphery Core – refers to richer or economically dominant countries (MDCs) Periphery – refers to developing or poorer countries (LDCs)

4 Economic Opportunities Islands of Development – Places w/in a region or country where foreign investment, jobs, & infrastructure are concentrated

5 Economic Opportunities (con’t.) In late 1800s and early 1900s, Chinese migrated throughout Southeast Asia to work in trade, commerce, and finance.

6 Migration of Vietnamese Boat People Many fled by sea as refugees after war with the U.S. ended in 1975 Later considered economic migrants

7 Reconnecting Cultural Groups About 700,000 Jews migrated to then-Palestine between 1900 and After 1948, land was divided into two states (Israel and Palestine), 600,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were pushed out of newly-designated Israeli territories

8 Jerusalem, Israel: Jewish settlements on the West Bank.

9 National Migration Flows Also known as internal migration - ex.: US, Russia, Mexico

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11 Guest Workers migrants whom a country allows in to fill a labor need, assuming workers will go “home” once labor need subsides many are seasonal agricultural workers –send remittances to home country –have short term work visas

12 In Europe-- Guest workers emigrate mainly from E. Europe and N. Africa to work in the wealthier countries of W. Europe.

13 Turkish Kebab Stand in Germany

14 Refugee A person who flees across an international boundary bc of a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion

15 Types of Refugees International refugees– those who have crossed one or more international borders and encamped in a country other than their own Asylum Seekers—refugees seeking shelter and protection in another country Intra-national refugees– those who have abandoned their homes but not their countries--Internally Displaced Persons ALL can be Permanent or Temporary

16 How to identify a Refugee 1.Most move w/out any more tangible property than they can carry or transport with them 2.Most make their first "step" on foot, by bicycle, wagon, or open boat 3.Most move w/out official documents that accompany channeled migrations

17 What regions generate the most refugees? 1.Sub-Saharan Africa 2.North Africa & Southwest Asia 3.South Asia 4.Southeast Asia 5.Europe Regions of Dislocation

18 Perspective Currently 8.4 million refugees; lowest since 1980, why? World's refugee population is growing much faster than the total population Refugee movements often happen suddenly and can involve millions in a matter of weeks The price of mushrooming global population, political and ethnic strife, and environmental deterioration is human dislocation

19 Gov’ts Place Legal Restrictions on Migration Immigration laws – laws that restrict or allow migration of certain groups into a country. –Quotas limit the number of migrants from each region into a country. –A country uses selective immigration to bar people with certain backgrounds from entering.

20 The Sudan, Darfur – Fighting in the Darfur region of the Sudan has generated thousands of refugees. In eastern Chad, the Iridimi refugee camp is home to almost 15,000 refugees from the Darfur province, including the women in this photo.