South Asia 400CE-1000 CE U2 L2

Objectives Explain the link between trade and warfare in medieval South Asia Analyze reactions to cycles of peace and violence AZ SS C3PO1, PO3

Geography of South Asia Largely protected from outside invaders by Himalayas, Eastern Jungles and Western Deserts Monsoons critical to agriculture, trade Includes modern day Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Maldives and Sri Lanka

Gupta Empire CE Peaking as the Romans declined – v=5upeOZHzSyw v=5upeOZHzSyw – Guptas controlled temperate N. India Pioneered use of the decimal system, vaccinated against smallpox After decline of Guptas, India descends into warring feudalistic kingdoms Many Indians leave S. Asia, moving into SE Asia and carrying culture with them

Nalanda University

Pala Empire CE Buddhist Empire reestablishes control over N India With peace, arts and sciences prosper again Temple Building by Hindus accelerates to compete with official support of Buddhism

Pala Period Buddhist Sculptures

Hindu Devi Jagadamba Temple, Madhya Pradesh, India

Rashtrakuta Empire CE In constant conflict with Palas, about equal in power Ellora Caves demonstrate religious tolerance, including Hindu, Buddhist and Jain temples cut into volcanic rock Attacks from Palas and Chalukyas erode and destroy empire

Kailasanatha, Maharashtra, India

Hundred of Kingdoms Many other Indian kingdoms rose and fell during this era, forcing refugees into SE Asia Trade opportunities during peace drew Indians into SE Asia during peace SE Asia becomes a mix of Indian, Chinese and local peoples now known as Indo-China

Summary 20 Words