Population Geography REVIEW!!!!

General Outline O Population is increasing, but more slowly.

General Outline O Math thingies to know: Population Pyramids, Doubling Time, Demographic Transition (stages)

The Western Experience O On the whole, TFR fell in the West and now many western countries have decreasing populations. O The Divided World: The world is divided between countries unable to leave stage 2/3 and countries that already have. O NOTE: THERE ARE NEVER RISING TFRS! THEY ONLY GO DOWN!

World Population Distribution O What type of map is this? O Ecumene and Nonecumene

Population Density O Arithmetic, physiological, agricultural. O Overpopulation and Carrying Capacity O Urbanization

Projecting Population O Demography is Destiny!!! O Aging: Huge Problem

Population Control O S Curve O Malthus: Population limited by food. Populations need checks. Checks can be private or destructive. O Neo-Malthusianism: anti-natalism, pro- natalism.

Key Concerns O Anti-Natalism in China and India O Population Implosion: Falling TFRs O Maternal Mortality O Millions of Women are Missing O Epidemic Disease O Giving Women Choices

Migration: We will talk next class period!

Migration O Patterns O Types O Controls O Spatial Search Decision O Processes O Laws

Patterns O Intercontinental O Intracontinental/interregional O Rural-to-urban

Types of Migration O Forced: Example? O Reluctant/Involuntary: Example? O REFUGEE: A Person moving to a new country to escape environmental disaster or conflict. O Voluntary: example?

O The Atlantic Slave Trade O Refugees from Syrian Civil War O Migrants from North Africa and the Philippines to Dubai for job opportunities. O Refugees from Afghanistan O Trail of Tears O Migrants from Eastern Europe to U.K. to seek job opportunities O Relocation of Jews to concentration camps in the Holocaust

Controls on Migration O Push Factors: Always negatives; reasons to leave. O Pull Factors: Always positive; reasons to choose one location over others.

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Higher Paying Jobs

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O A famine strikes the local community

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Religious freedom

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Religious restrictions

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Free college education (Norway)

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Genocide

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Outbreak of conflict

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Every new immigrant receives a free robot dinosaur.

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Longer life expectancies

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Better education

Stand up for Pull Factor, Lie down for push Factor O Country has elected President whom you do not agree with.

Central America – Stemming the Migrant Tide O Identify the patterns of migration in the article. O Identify the types of migration you see in the article. O Make a t-chart with a list of push and pull factors in the article.

Central America – Stemming the Migrant Tide O Predict – what effect will the migrants have on the population structure of the United States? O What effect will this have on the economy? O What will be the social consequence of the migrants?

An immigration Quiz! O The two countries that have the largest amount of immgrants are A. China B. United Kingdom C. Russia D. Germany

O C – Russia. The UN indicates that Russia had 12 million immigrants from countries that formed the Soviet Union in 2008.

An immigration Quiz! O Most immigrants to the United States come from Latin America and A. Europe B. Asia C. Africa D. The Middle East

O Between 1900 and 2000, the proportion of immigrants from Asia increased from 1.5% to 26%.

An immigration Quiz! O The majority of documented (legal) immigrants come from which country? O United Kingdom O Canada O China O Mexico

O Mexico! O According to the National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights, the 1998 INS annual report said the highest number of documented immigrants came from Mexico that year (131,575) the next highest is China and India combined (36,884)

O What is the main reason immigrants come to the United States? A. To be with a family member B. Find employment C. Escape Persecution D. Enjoy American culture

O What percentage of US immigrants are female? A b c d

Which of the following was born in America? A. Jennifer Lopez B. Madeline Albright C. Andrew Grove D. Gene Simmons

O Most illegal immigrants come to America… A. On foot, by illegally crossing the border B. By train C. By car D. Through an airport

O About 34% of Americans hold college degrees. The percentage of international migrants in the United States that hold college degrees is A. 10% (1 in 10) B. 20% (1 in 5) C. 1 in 3 33% D. 1 in 2 50%

O Contrary to a widely held view, immigrants in the United States have an expansive range of education levels, with about one in three immigrants having obtained a college degree. O According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2011 American Community Survey (ACS), immigrants accounted for 16 percent of the 58.8 million college-educated persons. However, their numbers were much higher among workers in certain occupations: Immigrants represent nearly 28 percent of physicians, more than 31 percent of computer programmers, and over 47 percent of medical scientists.

Process: Deciding to Move O Place Utility: Is it worth is to move? Do I like this place? O Spatial Search: If I’m not happy, I begin a spatial search. O In a spatial search, I assign place utility to each location I could migrate to.

A plague wipes out all life in dallas. O Oh noes!! O Spatial Search: O You can choose to move to the following places: O Austin, which is known for its art and music scene, universities, and young culture. O Tyler, which has a good economy, is low-cost and a very traditional culture. O New York, which is expensive but has opportunity in all economic areas O London, which is far away but has a good economy and a great benefit system (free healthcare, low cost college education, good family benefits)

A Plague Wipes out all life in dallas O Discuss with a partner at your new location how you assigned place utility and made your decision.

Processes of Migration O Step migration: Farm to small town to suburb to central city O Chain Migration: a migrant is part of a flow of migrants that resemble him/her. Relatives encourage other relatives to move to their neighborhood. Social services support this migration. Results in enclaves. O Counter Migration: This is nice, but I plan to go back. O Channelized Migration: There is a channel of migrants that resemble each other and go to roughly the same place, but relatives are not encouraging their families and social services are not built to assist. A general trend, like the Great Migration, or the migration of Scandinavians to the upper Midwest O Hierarchical Migration: People tend to move from smaller places to larger places.

O nTzaw nTzaw O What push and pull factors likely drove migrants from China to San Francisco? O What process of migration brought people to San Francisco?

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration O Most migrants move only a short distance. O There is a process of absorption, whereby people immediately surrounding a rapidly growing town move into it and the gaps they leave are filled by migrants from more distant areas, and so on until the attractive force [pull factors] is spent. O There is a process of dispersion, which is the inverse of absorption. O Each migration flow produces a compensating counter-flow. O Long-distance migrants go to one of the great centers of commerce and industry. O Natives of towns are less migratory than those from rural areas. O Economic factors are the main cause of migration. O Most international migrants are young females NOW. O Most international migrants are wealthier/better educated than average.