February 1, 2011 Biomass Program Review IBR & Infrastructure Dr. Douglas M. Goodale, PI

Executive Summary Develop a simple approach to convert wastes to energy. Direct pathway to liquid fuels or combined heat and electrical power (CHP). Despite significant hurdles, all testing is complete and the project is progressing to closure. Project will be complete by Dec. 31 st, 2011 and within the original budget. 2

Quad Chart Overview Timeline Project Start Date 6/1/08 Project End Date 12/31/11* Mechanical turnover N/A Start-up planned 6/1/11 Commissioning 6/1/11 Percent complete 90% * No-cost extension request in process Project Development Current status on target Cost within budget Schedule within schedule Project scope no change Project complete 12/31/11 Budget Total Project Funding DOE Share $1,279,200 Contractor Share $0 Funding Received by FY 10/1/08 – 9/30/09 $767,520 10/1/09 – 9/30/10 $511,680 10/1/10 – 2/1/11 $0 Project Participants Collaborations W2E USA, Inc. Intellectual property W2E USA, Inc. Project Management-Doug Goodale Construction Management N/A Start-up and Commissioning - W2E Operations -W2E & SUNY Cobleskill 3

Spend Plan 4

Project Overview 4 Task Original Target Completion 1 start date Actual Completion Install at SUNY 2 Arrival date Closing date 3/31/11 Months Finish installation at SUNY 4 no cost variance 5

Major Technical Hurdle The complexity of the bench scale gasifier requires locating in specially designed building. Funding was secured from the State of New York for a new building to locate the gasifier on the SUNY Cobleskill campus. Center for Environmental Science and Technology (CEST) was completed in Nov. 2010, requiring all hot testing to be done at the point of equipment manufacture in India. All hot testing was completed and the equipment is currently in transit to the SUNY Cobleskill campus. 6

No Cost Extension Installation of the prototype gasifier in the CEST is a deliverable. Shipment of equipment from India was delayed until the building was complete and available. Two no-cost extensions were requested to fund installation and meet deliverables. The current request for a no-cost extension would allow complete installation of the gasifier in the CEST by Dec. 31,

Commercial Cost This technology is ideally suited for 100 kW to 5 MW of electrical generation capacity. The projected cost for engineering, permitting, construction, and commissioning of a 1 MW waste to combined heat and power facility is estimated at 7 million USD. A 1 MW facility converts about 15,500 tons of waste annually into enough electrical energy to power 680 residential dwellings (85% utilization). 8

Project Approach 1. Establish & commission innovative gasification system 2. Test the system – determine system efficiency 3. Adjust system, retest and recalculate efficiency 4. Completion of each task served as a go/no-go milestone 5. Relocate system to campus upon completion of CEST facility 6. Prepare for system scale-up 7. Maintain synchronization with DoD grants 9

Technical Accomplishments Milestones -chronologically by accomplishment date (Each milestone represented a “go/no go” decision) 1. Installation of gasifier at point of origin 08/11/09 2. Gasifier operation12/31/10 3. Data analysis 02/28/11 4. System install on campus(anticipated)12/31/11 Project objectives All objectives are met except on-campus installation Technical Accomplishments (most important) Proved system will convert biowaste into bioenergy Bench Marks 1. Met 90% of project objectives since last report 2. Achieved all technical targets 10

Project Status 11

View Video of Bench Scale Gasifier to be Installed at Cobleskill Campus 12

Summary of Test Results 13

Project Relevance Thermochemical Conversion Platform in section of the Biomass Multi-Year Program Plan. Thermochemical Gasification Route Processes high moisture and high ash biomass with minimal or no preparation. Operates on air, enriched air, or pure oxygen at atmospheric pressure without catalysts. Effective and simple scrubbing method. Agricultural Residues Pathway 14

Project Relevance Project Meets (see sections and ) WBS 3.1 – Feedstock Thermochemical Platform Interface Feedstock Variability Processing Interface WBS 3.2 – Thermochemical Processing Core R&D Biomass gasification Syngas clean-up and conditioning Fuels Synthesis (Future) WBS 3.3 – Thermochemical Process Integration Core R&D Thermochemical Processing Integration Thermochemical Platform Analysis WBS 3.4 – Fundamentals and New Concepts Advanced Thermochemical Processing 15

Success Factors and Challenges Critical Success Factors Minimal feedstock preparation and management. Chemistry of gas is sufficient for synthesis into other energy forms. Challenges Hot testing had to be completed in India to avoid unreasonable delays. Results need to be validated in the US. Equipment installation on the SUNY Cobleskill campus (currently in transit from India). 16

Benefits Wastes can be simply converted to a clean energy form (gas, liquid, electrical, and heat). Reduces the disposal of agricultural and municipal wastes. Any waste that is flammable can be used as a feedstock. Process produces a flammable gas, which can be for heating and electrical generation, or synthesized into a liquid fuel. Gas is scrubbed prior to use, allowing for combustion that is cleaner than natural gas. The only byproduct from the process is ash. 17

Expected Outcomes Numerous small waste to energy facilities can be installed near the points of waste generation Reduces emissions from trucking. Reduces load on the grid (transmission losses, distributed power, etc.) Electrical power is fed onto the grid, waste heat can be used for space and water heating purposes. Syngas is rich in hydrogen and is easily separated for use in support of a hydrogen economy. Syngas can be synthesized into liquid biofuels either by chemical or biological pathways (various alcohols, DME, Fischer-Tropsch). 18

Commercial Viability Can be very profitable since a tipping fee is charged to receive the waste. Suitable wastes (agricultural, cafeteria, municipal solid, sludge, etc) are in ample supply and disposal is costly. Income streams include tipping fees, gaseous fuels, liquid fuels, electrical generation, and offsetting fossil fuel usage by using waste heat. This technology is creditable since very little or no feedstock preparation is required. 19

1 MW Combined Heat and Power Generating Facility on SUNY Cobleskill Campus 1 MWe operating at 85% utilization will generate 7.45 million kW-hrs per year (54% of total campus usage). Partial or complete heating of the campus is possible, depending on the generating technology used. Generating on-site and using waste heat offsets emissions from large generating stations. 20

Economics of 1 MWe CHP Electrical generation: 7450 MW-hr at 85% utilization Electrical Savings: $335 K at $0.045 per kW-hr Natural Gas Savings: $375 K at $7.53 per Dth Operating Costs: ($930 K) at $125 per MW-hr Tipping Fees for Wastes: $1,008 K at $65 per ton, 15,500 ton/year Net Income EBITDA: $788 K per year. Simple ROI: 8.9 years for $7 million USD plant cost. Environmental sustainability with minimal water usage or disposal, 1.3 MW gross to net 1 MWe. 21

Technology Transfer New Curriculum Title: Environmental & Energy Technologies Degree: Bachelor of Technology Approval: NYS Education Department Aug 2010 HEGIS Code: 0115 Program code: Training Seminars - examples Distance Learning Short Courses One-day training 22

Project Summary Relevance: Project aligns with DOE’s Biomass Multi- Year Program Plan. Approach: Project aligns with Thermochemical Platform Objectives, but there is more R&D to be done. Accomplishments: Proved biowastes can be converted to bioenergy with minimal feedstock preparation. Success factors: Deliverables were completed despite the challenges of installation on the campus. Run Tests: Successfully completed in India. 23

Thank You Douglas M. Goodale, PhD Biowaste to Bioenergy through Gasification Principal Investigator SUNY Cobleskill Cobleskill, New York