Core Chemistry Smart Teach 3: Acids and electrolysis

Key terms used in exam questions Raw material – a basic material that can be used to make or create something. e.g. sea water is the raw material for the production of chlorine

Electrolysis Exam definition: Using electricity to break down substances. Uses a Direct Current (d.c) How to set up: Put your raw material into a container Put carbon rods into your solution Attach rods to electrical supply Use test tubes to collect the gas Diagram Substance/Raw material Product of electrolysis Water Hydrogen and oxygen Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen and chlorine Sodium Chloride Or Sea water Sodium and chlorine

Gas Tests SubstanceChemical test Hydrogen Lighted splint – squeaky pop Oxygen Glowing splint relights Chlorine Damp blue litmus paper – turns red then white Carbon dioxideBubble the gas through lime water – limewater goes cloudy

Chlorine Chlorine is a Toxic gas Safety precautions when using or producing chlorine: use a fume cupboard, ware a gas mask

Potassium hydroxide + sulfuric acid  Potassium sulfate + Water Base All hydroxides, carbonates and oxides are bases Acid All acids you need to know end in: acid. (never write is if it is dilute or concentrated Salt A salt is a product of a reaction between an acid and a base they all have a metal in their name and end in either: sulfate, chloride or nitrate Neutralisation reactions: Reaction of an acid and a base to form a salt.

Reactions of acids Metal hydroxide + Acid  A salt + Water Potassium hydroxide + sulfuric acid  Metal oxide + Acid  A salt +Water Magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid  Metal carbonate + Acid  A salt + carbon dioxide + Water Sodium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid 

Reactions of acids Metal hydroxide + Acid  A salt + Water Potassium hydroxide + sulfuric acid  Potassium sulfate + Water Metal oxide + Acid  A salt +Water Magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid  Magnesium chloride + Water Metal carbonate + Acid  A salt + carbon dioxide + Water Sodium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid  Sodium chloride + carbon dioxide + water

Salts A salt is a metal with a sulfate, nitrate or chloride attached. Name of acidSalt ends in Hydrochloric acidChloride Nitric acidNitrate Sulfuric acidSulfate

Help for writing symbol equations for neutralisation reactions All hydroxides end in OH All Nitrates end in NO 3 All Carbonates end in CO 3 All Sulfates end in SO 4 Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid HCl HNO 3 H 2 SO 4

Exam hint!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Example Question State two things you would see when solid copper carbonate reacts with dilute nitric acid. For example: you don’t see gas you see bubbles Other things you might see: a colour change from : _____ to: ________ Solid dissolves Solid disappears A precipitate forms

Hydrochloric (1)