WARM UP 9/10 – Use a half sheet of paper Put the following in order (oldest to most recent) Cro-Magnon, Australopithecus, Homo Erectus, Neanderthal, Homo Habilis On which continent did Early Man develop? What happened to the size of Early Man’s brain over time?

Unit 1: Human Origins

Hominid: Humans & other creatures that walk upright & have an opposable thumb Homo-sapiens emerged in East Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago Homo sapiens (“wise men”): Species name for modern humans. We are Homo Sapiens.

Early humans have evolved over time Early humans have evolved over time. Homo Sapiens is the name for the species that we belong to. They are known as “Modern Men” or “Wise Men”. Homo Sapiens Homo Erectus Homo Habilis Australopithecines

Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. Homo sapiens migrated and spread when sea levels were low.

Life in early hunter-gatherer societies was shaped by their physical environment. Early humans were hunters and gatherers whose survival depended on the availability of wild plants and animals.

Archaeologists: scientists who learn about early humans by excavating and studying traces of early human settlements Excavated sites are called archeological digs

Archaeologists study past cultures by locating and analyzing: Archaeologists continue to find and interpret evidence of early humans and their lives. Archaeologists study past cultures by locating and analyzing: Human remains Settlements Fossils Artifacts They use specific tests, like carbon dating to analyze fossils and artifacts.

Ancient Buildings and Monuments Artifacts: remains like tools, jewelry and other human-made objects Tools and Weapons Pottery Art and Sculpture Ancient Buildings and Monuments Jewelry

Early Human Societies Early human societies, through the development of culture, began the process of overcoming the limits set by the physical environment. Early human society is broken into time periods, the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages. Paleolithic Age – Old Stone Age Neolithic Age – New Stone Age

Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age During the Paleolitich Age humans… were hunter-gatherer nomads, migrating in search of food, water, shelter. invented the first tools, including simple weapons

3. learned how to make and use fire 4. lived in clans 5. developed oral language 6. created “cave art.”

Check for Understanding Early Human Origins (2a) What is the scientific name for modern humans, also known as “Wise Men”? Where did “Modern Men” emerge between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago? Who are scientists who study past cultures by locating and analyzing human remains, fossils and artifacts from early settlements?

Check for Understanding (2a) 4. Region ____ shows where Homo sapiens originated before spreading to other parts of the world. A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 4 1 2 3

Check for Understanding (2a) 5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the people of the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Age). A creating “cave art” B hunting, gathering and scavenging C making fires D weaving clothing out of wool

Check for Understanding (2a) 4. Region ____ shows where Homo sapiens originated before spreading to other parts of the world. A 1 B 2 C 3 East Africa D 4 1 4 2 3

Check for Understanding (2a 5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the people of the Old Stone Age. A creating “cave art” B hunting, gathering and scavenging C making fires D weaving clothing out of wool

Neolithic Age When humans developed agriculture, it ended the Paleolithic Age and began the Neolithic Age. Agriculture: The growing of crops. This switch is also called the Agricultural Revolution.

Agriculture ended the Hunter-Gatherer societies of the Paleolithic Age and led to settled farming communities. Neolithic Paleolithic

During the Neolithic Age humans… developed agriculture domesticated (tamed & raised) animals used advanced tools made pottery developed weaving skills.

Domesticating plants & animals, and use of irrigation for crops, allowed New Stone Age people to form more permanent settlements Agricultural settlements (villages) marked the beginning of the Neolithic Age and laid the foundation for modern life

Agriculture led to Permanent Settlements Paleolithic Neolithic

Sequence of early man & development of society Hunter-gatherers Establishment of permanent settlements (villages) Early civilizations in river valleys

Early Human Sites: Stonehenge Stonehenge: an archaeological site in England begun during the Neolithic Era and completed during the Bronze Age Stonehenge is an archaeological site in England.

Early Human Sites: Aleppo Early city studied by archaeologists In Fertile Crescent (Northern Syria) One of world’s oldest inhabited cities Pictured above is the citadel or fortress of Aleppo in Northern Syria. Aleppo’s ancient name was Halab.

Early Human Sites: Jericho Early city studied by archaeologists In Fertile Crescent (near Jordan River on West Bank of Israel) Perhaps oldest city in the world; settled to about 9,000 BC Ancient walls of Jericho (above)

Early Human Sites: Catalhoyuk Neolithic settlement currently under excavation In Southern Anatolia (Asian part of Turkey) Settled from about 7,500 to 5,700 BC Largest and best preserved Neolithic site

Location of Key Early Settlements (2d) Black Sea Caspian Sea Catalhoyuk ASIA Mediterranean Sea Aleppo Jericho Persian Gulf AFRICA Stonehenge Red Sea Gulf of Aden

Characteristics of Early Humans Paleolithic-Old Stone Age Nomadic Lived in clans Invented first simple tools and weapons Built simple shelters Made fires Wore animal skins Developed oral language Created “cave art” Neolithic-New Stone Age Permanent settlements Developed agriculture (the growing of crops) Had advanced tools and weapons Domesticated animals Irrigated crops and cultivated seeds Made pottery Developed weaving skills

1. What could be considered an artifact from our current civilization if discovered in a future time? A thought B mountain C cellular phone D dry riverbed

2. What is the test used by archeologists to determine the age of artifacts or bone fragments? A the layer of earth in which the object is found B the other fossils and artifacts found nearby C radiocarbon dating D crop yield test

3. How did the earliest Homo sapiens obtain their food 3. How did the earliest Homo sapiens obtain their food? A traded with other clans B slash and burn farming C domesticated animals D hunting and gathering

4. Early man’s use of domesticated plants and animals, irrigation and seed cultivation (i.e., farming) in river valleys led to ____. A declining corn and potato harvests B an increase in scavenging C nomadic clans using specialized hunting and gathering techniques D the development of settled, permanent communities

5. What major advance in civilization allowed early people to form more permanent communities? A domesticating plants and animals B greater cooperation when hunting C creating pottery from clay D using advanced tools and weapons

6. Which of the following might be an artifact from a place where Old Stone Age people lived? A skull of a Neanderthal B fossil of a prehistoric fish C chunks of volcanic lava rock D bracelet made with shells and teeth

7. Put these events in the correct sequence from earliest to latest related to early man and the development of society? A establishment of permanent settlements (villages) B early civilizations in river valleys C hunters and gatherers

Check for Understanding Archaeology (2d) 1. What could be considered an artifact from our current civilization if discovered in a future time? A thought B mountain C cellular phone (human made object) D dry riverbed

Check for Understanding Archaeology (2d) 2. What is not used by scientists to determine the age of artifacts or bone fragments? A the layer of earth in which the object is found B the other fossils and artifacts found nearby C radiocarbon dating D crop yield test

3. How did the earliest Homo sapiens obtain their food 3. How did the earliest Homo sapiens obtain their food? A traded with other clans B slash and burn farming C domesticated animals D hunting and gathering

4. Early man’s use of domesticated plants and animals, irrigation and seed cultivation (i.e., farming) in river valleys led to ____. A declining corn and potato harvests B an increase in scavenging C nomadic clans using specialized hunting and gathering techniques D the development of settled, permanent communities

GP: New Stone Age Characteristics (2c) 5. What major advance in civilization allowed early people to form more permanent communities? A domesticating plants and animals B greater cooperation when hunting C creating pottery from clay D using advanced tools and weapons

6. Which of the following might be an artifact from a place where Old Stone Age people lived? A skull of a Neanderthal B fossil of a prehistoric fish C chunks of volcanic lava rock D bracelet made with shells and teeth

#7 C Hunters and Gatherers A establishment of permanent settlements (villages) B early civilizations in river valleys

GP: Archaeology (2d) List the correct number for each location listed below: Jericho: Aleppo: Catalhoyuk: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

GP: Archaeology (2d) List the correct number for each location listed below: Jericho: 5 Aleppo: 3 Catalhoyuk: 2 1 Catalhoyuk 2 3 4 Aleppo 5 6 Jericho 7