P ERFORMANCE S TANDARDS IN D ISTRIBUTION S YSTEM & E FFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT USING SMART GRIDS Group-3: Aditya -03 Ambuj -05 Deepak - 15 Kinshuk -25 Swetabh -39

K EY STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE Restoration of power supply Quality of power supply Complaints about meters Application for new connections/ additional loads Complaints about consumers bill Issues relating to disconnection and reconnecting of supply.

I SSUES Safety instructions for working on mains & apparatus. Lack of responsibility Lack of training Carelessness and ignorance Public safety Safety measures in operation of substation, T&D lines.

M ETHODS TO MEASURE AND IMPROVE D ISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY Performance indices System average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) SAIFI = (total no. of customer interruption / total no. customer served) System average interruption duration index (SAIDI) SAIDI = (sum of the customer interruption duration / total no. customer)

M ETHODS TO MEASURE AND IMPROVE D ISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RELIABILITY Customer average interruption frequency index (CAIFI) CAIFI = (total no. of customer interruption / total no. customer affected) Customer average interruption duration index (CAIDI) CAIDI = (total no. of customer interruption duration / total no. of customer interruption) Average service availability index (ASAI) ASAI = (8760 – SAIDI) / 8760

Effective Distribution Management using Smart Grids

P RESENTATION STRUCTURE Distribution Infrastructure in India Overview of smart grid Key technologies and solutions Smart Grid in India

D ISTRIBUTION I NFRASTRUCTURE IN I NDIA  80% of villages are ‘electrified’, yet… 45% of the population doesn’t have access to electricity  ~400 Million people without electricity (US population ~300 Million)  Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses are very high >25% on average, >50% in many states  High electricity ‘theft’; poor policing / enforcement due to political reasons  Subsidies to agricultural sector  Free or very low-cost power which is often un-metered  Hard to separate free power from ‘theft’

D ISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE IN I NDIA ( CONT..)  ~60 Electricity Distribution companies in India Generally state-owned monopolies Generally loss making entities (average loss 11% of sales / year mainly due to high AT&C losses and poor revenue collection)  Reform of the distribution sector identified as a key need by the government - APDRP, R-APDRP – Reducing AT&C losses a key focus Open-Access for the distribution network to foster competition Laws against theft - better enforcement, better communication Privatization & Franchising of distribution network Demand Side Management – especially in agricultural sector Rationalization of tariffs and removal of cross-subsidies

S MART G RID Integration of Electrical & Digital technologies, information and communication which facilitates integration of business processes and systems to yield real measurable value across the power delivery chain. Components of the smart grid:  Smart Power meters  Smart Substations  Smart Distribution  Smart Generation

K EY T ECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS UtilitiesDistributionCommunicationConsumers Advanced Components: Super conductivity, Fault tolerance, power electronics and diagnostic components Phasor measurement unit: WAMS (Wide Area Measurement Systems) Demand response: Demand side management, Distribution monitoring and control. Advanced Metering: AMR/AMI, metering analysis software, Sensors. Substation automation: Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED’s) Power system automation: Voltage stability monitoring and control. Networks and transports: WAN/LAN Wired PLC SMART appliances: Remote load control, Building automation.

S MART G RID IN I NDIA  APDRP, R-APDRP initiative for distribution reform (AT&C focus)  DRUM India – Distribution Reform Upgrade, Management Four pilot sites (North Delhi, Bangalore, Gujarat, Maharashtra) Smart Grid Vision for India  Smart Grid Task Force – Headed by Sam Pitroda  BESCOM project – Bangalore – Integration of renewable and distributed energy resources into the grid  KEPCO project in Kerala India - $10 Billion initiative for Smart-Grid  L&T and Telvent project – Maharashtra – Distribution Management System roll-out  Housing – Rabirashmi Abasan Housing project – Kolkata (2008). First instance of net metering in India from roof-top Solar SA Habitat and Valence Energy – Hyderabad (2009). Distributed generation via roof-top solar for 40% in a micro-grid

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