9/11 Flight 11 – Crashes into North Tower Flight 175 – Crashes into the South Tower Flight 77- Crashes into the Pentagon Flight 97 – Crashes in a field in Pennsylvania (US Capital Building was the Target.

Ground Zero – NYC

Ground Zero NYC

9/ Dead (2905 civilians) 2998 Dead (2905 civilians) 19 Hijacker Suicides 19 Hijacker Suicides 411 Emergency Workers Died 411 Emergency Workers Died 6291 People Injured 6291 People Injured Total Damages = $27.2 Billion Total Damages = $27.2 Billion

Reasons for 9/11 US Presence in Saudi Arabia US Presence in Saudi Arabia Bin Laden interpreted Muhammad as banning the "permanent presence of infidels in Arabia”. He wrote "for over seven years the United States has been occupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, the Arabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to its rulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbors, and turning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead through which to fight the neighboring Muslim peoples.“ (Mecca & Medina) US Support for Israel In his November 2002 "Letter to America", bin Laden cited the United States' support of Israel as a motivation: "The creation and continuation of Israel is one of the greatest crimes, and you are the leaders of its criminals. And of course there is no need to explain and prove the degree of American support for Israel. The creation of Israel is a crime which must be erased. Each and every person whose hands have become polluted in the contribution towards this crime must Sanctions for Iraq after the Gulf War – Caused Inflation, Poverty and Malnutrition Osama calls the sanctions "the greatest mass slaughter of children mankind has ever known"

Invasion of Afghanistan On Sept 20, 2001 US demanded that Afghanistan turn over bin Laden and destroy all bases of al-qaeda. On Sept 20, 2001 US demanded that Afghanistan turn over bin Laden and destroy all bases of al-qaeda. October 2001, Launched “Operation Enduring Freedom” October 2001, Launched “Operation Enduring Freedom” Goal was to dismantle al-qaeda and remove the Taliban from power. Goal was to dismantle al-qaeda and remove the Taliban from power. 10 years later still at war. 10 years later still at war.

Invasion of Afghanistan

Iraqi Freedom In 2002, US and Britain, accused Saddam Hussein of having weapons of mass destruction. In 2002, US and Britain, accused Saddam Hussein of having weapons of mass destruction. In attacked Iraq to prevent it from future misdeeds – many countries opposed this. In attacked Iraq to prevent it from future misdeeds – many countries opposed this. Shock and Awe Shock and Awe Took 4 weeks to overthrow Saddam and his regime. Took 4 weeks to overthrow Saddam and his regime.

Shock and Awe

Department of Homeland Security Created in 2002 to coordinate national efforts against terrorism. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act – Increased security at airport by the federal government. Increased delays at airports Sky Marshalls Inspect checked and carry on bags.

USA Patriot Act Allows the Government to – Detain foreigners suspected of terrorism for 7 days without charging them with a crime – Tap all phones used by suspects and monitor their and internet use – Make search warrants valid across states – Order US banks to investigate sources of large foreign accounts – Prosecute terrorist crimes without any time restrictions or limitations

Saddam Hussein In April 2003, when his regime was toppled and his tower was torn down he was no where to be found. Found in December 2003, hiding in a hole in a farmhouse. Handed over to the Iraqi people and was put to trial.

Saddam Hussein Trial had many challenges – Saddam and his lawyers' contesting the court's authority and maintaining that he was still the President of Iraq. – The assassinations and attempts on the lives of several of Saddam's lawyers. – The replacement of the chief presiding judge, midway through the trial. – Found guilty murder, torture and illegal arrest. – Was given death penalty and was hanged in 2006.

Osama Bin Laden For 10 years Osama Bin Laden was able to avoid capture from US govt by hiding in the mountainous Afghanistan terrain and slipping into and out of Pakistan. Killed in a compound outside of Islamabad, Pakistan by Seal Team Six.

Bin Laden Hideout