PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni  non.

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Presentation transcript:

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni  non sono rappresentative dell’intero flusso d’acqua  i costi di installazione e manutenzione  non sono distribuite uniformemente nel mondo  i dati non disponibili a causa di restrizioni istituzionali  problemi di condivisione dei dati tra paesi confinanti

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni Over the last decade, the possibility to obtain river discharge estimates from satellite sensors data has come to be of considerable interest. Recent advances in radar altimetry technology have improved the accuracy in the monitoring of the water surface level of large rivers and lakes located in ungauged or poorly gauged inland regions. Radar altimetry technology has been applied to large rivers, such as the Amazon River ( Koblinsky et al., 1993; Birkett, 1998; De Oliveira Campos et al., 2001 ; Frappart et al., 2006; Leon et al., 2006; Zakharova et al., 2006; Santos da Silva et al., 2010 ). Few studies devoted to an in-depth assessment of radar altimetry over other rivers, such as Ob, Mekong, Negro, Gange and Brahmaputra have been published ( Kouraev et al., 2004; Frappart et al., 2005; Getirana et al., 2009; Pereira Cardenal et al., 2011; Biancamaria et al., 2011; Birkinshaw et al., 2010; 2012 ).

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni Additionally, although not specifically dedicated, sensors such as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) also have the potential to provide river discharge estimates. A preliminary example, in which the discharge is estimated by MODIS considering a very short time series, is reported in Brakenridge and Anderson (2006). The study by Tarpanelli et al. (2013, RSE) shows that MODIS can give good estimates of discharge and flow velocity for medium sized basins (70000 km 2 ) characterized by high temporal variability of discharge and it can be used also for ungauged river sites.

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni To evaluate the potential of two sensors, radar altimetry and MODIS, for the estimation of river discharge in a medium sized basin (70000 km 2 ) in Northern Italy (Po river) also in absence of bathymetry.

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni 2 channels at 250 m 5 channels at 500 m 29 channels at 1 km 1-2 images a day SPATIALRESOLUTION TEMPORALRESOLUTION 70 km inter-track spacing at the Equator beam footprint width about 3.5 km 35 days SATELLITE AQUA (2002-today)ENVISAT ( ) RADAR ALTIMETER MODIS MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer FREE DOWNLOAD

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni Q = v ∙ A MODIS Altimetry Entropic model for the bathymetry (Moramarco et al., 2013) A = f(h, geometry) Known from bathymetry surveys from bathymetry surveys Unknown

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni VS3

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni (Brakenridge et al., 2005; 2007) C= Land pixel M=Water pixel 1 C = land pixel (located near the river in an area free of surface water even during high floods) M = water pixel (located within the river with permanent presence of water) wet dry wet 123 flood signal C/M increases with the presence of water and, hence, of discharge

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni 1. Selection of a box centered on the investigated gauged station from each MODIS image AQUA- MODIS Reflectance value of Channel 2 (10-Feb :10)

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni 2. Exclusion of pixels affected by cloud cover and/or snow by using a simple threshold and a visual inspection Gauged Stations Number of free cloud images Piacenza864 Cremona798 Borgoforte1103 Pontelagoscuro921

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni 3. Choice of the M and C pixels and calculation of the ratio C/M PONTELAGOSCURO

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni 3. Choice of the M and C pixels and calculation of the ratio C/M PONTELAGOSCURO 4. Application of the smoothing exponential filter (C/M*)

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni PONTELAGOSCURO BORGOFORTE CREMONA PIACENZA Stazione strumentata PIACREBRGLAG RMSE (C/M*-v) NS (C/M*-v) LOCAL RELATIONSHIPS Stazione strumentata PIACREBRGLAG Corr (C/M*-Q) Corr (C/M*-v)

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni Gauged station PIACREBRGLAG RMSE (C/M*-v) NS (C/M*-v) REGIONAL RELATIONSHIP

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni r=0.60

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni r = 0.88 NS = 0.78 RMSE = 0.70 m

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni RMSE (m 3 s -1 ) NS (-) RRMSE (%) MAE (m 3 s -1 ) r (-) Actual geometry (Q MODIS+ALT )

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni Flow depth Maximum flow velocity Surface water velocity Entropic parameter v maxS = 1.5 v m Mean flow velocity from MODIS D= H – z 0 Maximum depth

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni RMSE=118 m 2 NS=0.94

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni RMSE (m 3 s -1 ) NS (-) RRMSE (%) MAE (m 3 s -1 ) r (-) Actual geometry (Q MODIS+ALT ) Simulated geometry (Q MODIS+ALT+ENTR )

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni The obtained good results demonstrate the potential of coupling the two satellite sensors to calculate the discharge also in ungauged sites. This aspect may be of particular interest in view of forthcoming Sentinel-3 mission, in which two similar sensors, with improved vertical accuracy and spatial - temporal resolution, will be onboard the same satellite platform.

PremesseObiettivi Telerilevamento e sensori Aree allagate da SAR Portata da MODIS Portata da altimetro Portata da MODIS + altimetro Conclusioni GRAZIE PER L’ATTENZIONE DOMANDE?