How Accessible Are Google Apps? Greg Kraus NC State

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Collaborators ATHEN Google Apps Accessibility Interest Group – Alice Anderson – Jane Berliss-Vincent – Jon Gunderson – Keith Hays – Greg Kraus – Tim Offenstein – Phyllis Petteys – Kevin Price – Hadi Rangin – Karen Sorensen – Todd Schwanke – Terrill Thompson – Scott Williams

ATHEN Access Technology Higher Education Network Within higher education we – Collect and disseminate best practices in access technology to institutions – present a collective voice for the professional practice of access technology in higher education

ATHEN Collaboration Groups Misconception about accessibility by many application designers/developers Accessible design vs. accessibility bandage Working with vendors since 2005 WebCT/Blackboard, Desire2Learn, Ebsco Publishing, Elsevier, Ex Libris, Elluminate, many more

National Federation of the Blind (NFB) March 2011 – Filed complaints with the U.S. Department of Justice against Northwestern University and New York University (plus four school districts in Oregon) for violating Section 504 and the ADA by adopting Google Apps January 2012– NFB informally declared that Google Apps are "not there yet"

ATHEN Reports on Google Apps Report on Accessibility of Google Documents – October 2011 – Report on Accessibility of Gmail and Google Calendar – February 2012 – accessibility accessibility

Functional vs. Technical Evaluations We asked, “Can I accomplish particular tasks?” – Can I compose an ? – Can I add a guest to a meeting? – Can I read a document? We don’t ask, “How did you code this?” – Did you code the input element correctly for the subject line of the ?

Which Disabilities Did We Test For? Visual – Screen readers (JAWS, ChromeVox, VoiceOver) – Screen magnification (Zoom Text) – High Contrast Mode Mobility – Keyboard-only access – Speech Recognition Software (Dragon Naturally Speaking) Cognitive – Literacy software (Read&Write Gold)

Two Accessibility Models Keyboard Shortcuts – Assign key combinations to accomplish all tasks – Example, press ‘j’ and ‘k’ to navigate your message list and ‘o’ to open a message Providing Semantic Structure – Headings – ARIA – Standard UI elements in standard ways

Problems With The Two Models Some screen reader users will want to interact with these apps the way they do all other Web apps Conflicting keyboard combinations with AT Using both models is required for the most accessible experience – Switching between the models is problematic for some AT Unvoiced actions from shortcut keys LOTS of keyboard shortcuts to remember

The Problem with Specific Views Feature lag in alternative views Features missing in alternative views

The Grading Scale A = a user can fully use all functions of the application B = a user can perform most functions using the prescribed methods of interacting with the application C = a user can perform many functions, but must rely on non-prescribed methods of interacting with the application D = a user can perform some basic functions, but most functions are unavailable or there are other significant problems F = a user cannot use even basic functions of the application

Google Docs (October 2011) Assistive TechnologyGrade High Contrast - OS XC High Contrast - WindowsD JAWSD ChromeVoxD Keyboard OnlyC Sticky KeysA Read and Write GoldD ZoomTextA- Dragon Naturally SpeakingF

General Problems with Docs Keyboard focus is not always visible Modal windows allow users to interact with “locked” portions of the application Users need to “explore” the user interface outside the standard interaction methods Over dependency on shortcut keys Inconsistent implementation across browsers No ability to apply established Web accessibility standards (alt text, table headers, MathML) Saving user preferences for assistive technology Not utilizing best practices in how assistive technologies interact with applications

Gmail and Calendar (Jan-Feb 2012) Assistive TechnologyGMailCalendar High Contrast - OS XA-A High Contrast - WindowsCD+ JAWSDD- ChromeVoxCC VoiceOverDD Keyboard OnlyBB Sticky KeysBB Read and Write GoldAA ZoomTextBB Dragon Naturally Speaking DD-

General Problems in GMail Standard View vs. Basic HTML? – Basic HTML has some fundamental accessibility errors that cannot make it an accessible alternative Tab order is illogical Rich text editing tools often aren’t available

General Problems in Calendar The Agenda View generally works well for most assistive technology, but not all The accessibility features don’t carry down to the meeting creation/edit screen Often can’t schedule a joint meeting based on available times

Notable Improvements High Contrast (Chrome Extension) ChromeVox Keyboard Only Read & Write Gold (vendor solution) Dragon Naturally Speaking (vendor solution)

Demonstrations High Contrast Mode Keyboard Only ChromeVox VoiceOver

Why do Chrome Solutions Work Better? Marketing vs. Technical Limitations

The Accessibility Telephone Game Assistive Technology Browser Web Application Operating System Which browser? Which version? Which OS? Which version? Use ARIA How does it support ARIA?

Browser Operating System Browser Operating System Google’s Solution Web Application Browser Operating System Assistive Technology Google’s Ecosystem

Accessibility Direction at Google Chrome Browser/Chrome OS is what Google Apps are designed to run on Solutions are primarily delivered via extensions – ChromeVox (from Google) – High Contrast (from Google) – Read&Write Gold (from vendor)

Accessibility News from Google Administrator Guide to Accessibility – /gapps/docs/admin/en/gapps_accessibility/gapps _accessibility.pdf /gapps/docs/admin/en/gapps_accessibility/gapps _accessibility.pdf "An update on Apps accessibility in the last year” – ble/BVvL293pWJ0/discussion ble/BVvL293pWJ0/discussion

How to Deal with Google Accessibility on Campus NC State University’s Google Apps Accessibility Usage Guidelines – accessibility accessibility Download Google Doc to Microsoft Office Bookmarklet –

Are We There Yet? No, but we are making progress The ongoing battle in the accessibility community – Chrome-only solutions vs. other assistive technologies

Next Steps Let Google know that you require full accessibility! – File accessibility bugs using your support system – Accessibility Feedback Form: feedback/ feedback/ – Accessibility Google Groups – On

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