Jacksonian Democracy Chapter 11 Section 1 The Jackson Era

I.Jacksonian Democracy A.The Election of Republicans run for the presidency 2.William Crawford—Republican from Georgia 3.Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay come from the west and are FAVORITE SONS of their home states. a.Henry Clay---Kentucky—Speaker of the House of Representatives b.Andrew Jackson---Tennessee---War hero 4.John Quincy Adams---Massachusetts--- received support of merchants of the Northeast

The Election of 1824 clearly showed that the "era of good feelings" had come to an end. All the candidates were Democratic-Republicans, but personal and sectional interests outweighed political orthodoxy. The candidates included: John Quincy Adams, son of a Federalist president, represented the interests of the Northeast (high protective tariff) and was the leading contenderJohn Quincy AdamsFederalist Henry Clay of Kentucky shared political views with Adams, but they held one another in contempt — the rigid New Englander versus the hard-drinking WesternerHenry ClayAdams

Andrew Jackson, a Senator from Tennessee and military hero, drew Western support from Clay despite the fact that his political views were not well-knownAndrew Jackson William H. Crawford of Georgia was born in Virginia and hoped to continue the "Virginia Dynasty;" he held to the old-line Republican view of limiting the role of the central government, but was still the congressional power brokers' favorite John C. Calhoun of South Carolina harbored presidential aspirations, but backed out in the hope of securing the vice presidency.John C. Calhoun

When results were tallied it was evident that Clay had siphoned-off enough votes from Adams to deny him an electoral majority. Adams finished with 84 votes, Jackson 99, Crawford 41 and Clay 37.

B. Striking a Bargain 1. The House of Representatives selects the president when no candidate receives a majority of the electoral vote. 2. Jackson won 99 electoral votes which gave him a plurality or largest single share. 3. John Quincy Adams---Henry Clay met with Adams and strike a deal— ”Corrupt Bargain”

C. The Adams Presidency 1. “Corrupt Bargain” cast a shadow over Adams’s presidency 2. Adam’s policies not popular with popular opinion 3. Adam’s wanted stronger navy and government funds for scientific expeditions day-the-corrupt-bargain

II.The Election of 1828 A.The negative element of Mudslinging was introduced in this campaign B.Democratic Republicans support Jackson 1. Favored State Rights C.National Republicans support Adams 1. Favored a stronger central government

D. Jackson Triumphs 1. Jackson carries the Frontier and the south 2. John Calhoun switches parties and supports Jackson 1. He was Adams Vice Prez!! 3. Jackson wins in a landslide a. 56 Percent of the popular vote and 178 electoral votes

III.Jackson as President A.Americans viewed Jackson “one of their own” B.“Old Hickory” 1.Born in log cabin, orphaned 2.Helped in the American Rev. 3.Elected to Congress from Tess at age 30 4.Defeated the British in New Orleans in the War of Invaded Florida C.New Voters 1.Between most states permit ALL white males to vote. 57.6% of all white males vote in election 2.By % of White Males voted in Presidential elections 3.22 out of 24 states allow people rather than the state to choose presidential electors

D. The Spoils System 1. Bureaucracy----a System in which nonelected officials carry out laws. 2. Jackson and the Democrats argue that ordinary citizens could handle government jobs 3. Jackson fires government workers and replaces them with his supporters----SPOILS SYSTEM

E. Electoral Changes 1. Replaced the caucus system with nominating conventions. Delegates from the states selected the party’s presidential 2. This system allowed many people to participate in the selection of political candidates. IV.The Tariff debate A.The South Protests 1.Vice President Calhoun argued that states could nullify (cancel) any federal law that hurt the states 2.Some Southern states threatened to secede (break away) 3.Calhoun used the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions to make his argument of State Sovereignty

B. The Webster-Hayne debate 1. Webster attacked nullification and said that it would mean the end of the Union 2. “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable” C. Jackson Takes a Stand 1. Southerners hope Jackson would stand behind them 2. Jackson makes speech in which he states “Our federal union must be preserved” 3. Calhoun resigns from vice presidency and wins Senate seat in 1832

D. The Nullification Crisis 1. South Carolina and Calhoun take the Tariff battle one step further. 2. State legislature passes the Nullification Act a. They refuse to pay tariffs and threaten to secede 3. Henry Clay proposes a compromise that lowered the tariff 4. Jackson gets Congress to pass the Force Bill a. Allowed the President to use the military to enforce acts of Congress 5. The Federal Government would not allow a state to go its own way without a fight