Catalyst  TURN IN COMPLETED LAB  On a lined piece of paper…  Discuss the biological importance of each of the following organic compounds in relation to cellular structure and function in plants and animals carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids

Agenda  NOTES #9 – Enzymes  Demo with match  Partner Practice  Baggie Matching or Kahoot  Exit Ticket

ENZYMES I can explain what enzymes are and how they act.

Chemical Reactions  Chemical reactions: change one substance to another. For Example: 2H + O ➝ H 2 O

A chemical journey: Follow the arrow! The arrow is the most important part of the reaction.  When we read a reaction, we say “makes” or “yields” instead of the arrow. Chemical Reactions

2H + O ➝ H 2 O A chemical journey: Follow the arrow! Reactants = Substrates: come BEFORE the arrow Products: come AFTER the arrow Chemical Reactions

Think: Circle the products and box the substrates 1.NH 3 + HCl  NH 4 Cl 2. HCl + Zn  H 2 + ZnCl 2 3. Glucose + Oxygen  H 2 O + CO 2 + Energy 4. H 2 O + CO 2 + Sunlight  Glucose +O 2

Enzymes  Enzyme: proteins that speed up chemical reactions  Enzymes are catalysts they speed up the reaction by lowering the energy needed for a reaction

Enzymes  We need enzymes for every process that happens in our bodies! For example: Digesting food and moving around

Match Demo

Think, Pair, Share… What biomolecule is an enzyme? What do enzymes do?

Enzymes  Substrate: the material that an enzyme binds to  Complex: enzyme and substrate together

Enzymes  Enzymes often end in –ase Lactase (breaks down lactose) Lactose intolerant people can not break down milk Helicase (unzips DNA) Used in DNA replication Amylase (breaks down amylose) Lipase (breaks down lipids)

Think… What’s a substrate? What do enzymes usually end in? Is lactase an enzyme or a substrate? How do you know? What do you predict is the substrate for the enzyme sucrase?

Do they fit together? Could this enzyme fit with another substrate?

Enzymes  Enzymes are specific They only work with one substrate The enzyme and the substrate fit together like a lock and a key

Enzymes  Enzymes are reusable:  They are not changed during a reaction This means that they can be used again  The substrate is changed: it becomes the products

Enzymes  Does the substrate change?  Does the enzyme change?  Could the enzyme work again?

Think… What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific? What does it mean to say that enzymes are reusable?

Enzymes lactoseH20+ glucose galactose + lactase Substrate (reactant) enzyme products

Think… Structure X: Structure Y: Structure Z: substrate enzyme product

Think, Pair, Share… 1. What is an enzyme? 2. What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific? 3. What does it mean to say that enzymes are reusable? 4. Why are enzymes important?

What effects enzymes?  Denature - take away or alter the natural qualities enzyme changes shape so it no longer works

pH  The hydrogen ion concentration of a solution  Acid High concentration of H+ 0 – 6 on scale  Base Low concentration of H+ 8 – 14 on scale

Destroying Enzymes Enzymes are denatured by: EXTREME (HIGH and LOW) pH and EXTREME TEMPERATURES

What is graphed on the x-axis? What is graphed on the y-axis? Catalase activity What is the optimum pH for catalase?

Agenda  NOTES #9 – Enzymes  Demo with match  Independent Practice  Baggie Matching/Kahoot  Exit Ticket

ug Enzymes… Ameoba Sisters

Independent Practice

Agenda  NOTES #9 – Enzymes  Demo with match  Independent Practice  Baggie Matching  Exit Ticket

Baggie Matching/Kahoot

Exit Ticket

Enzymes Review Enzyme: proteins that speed up chemical reactions Enzymes end in: -ase Substrate: The material that an enzyme binds to

Enzymes Review Enzymes are specific: They only work with one substrate lock and a key

Enzymes Enzymes are reusable: They are not changed during a reaction

pH Low pH (0-7) is acidic High pH (7-14) is basic pH = 7 is neutral

Destroying Enzymes An enzyme’s job is determined by its SHAPE!

Destroying Enzymes Denature: enzyme changes shape so it no longer works

Destroying Enzymes Enzymes are denatured by: EXTREME (HIGH and LOW) pH and temperatures

Destroying Enzymes What does it mean for an enzyme to be denatured? Would an enzyme function if it was denatured? How can enzymes be denatured?

Optimum pH Optimum = Best To find the optimum pH or Temperature, find the place with the highest peak go DOWN to the x-axis and read the number.

What is graphed on the x-axis? What is graphed on the y-axis? Catalase activity What is the optimum pH for catalase?

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE

EXIT TICKET