Renaissance and Reformation The Counter-Reformation

Protestants Christian groups that broke away from the Catholic Church Movement set into motion by Luther Protested teachings of the Church

Henry VIII King of England Named “Defender of the Faith” by the Pope ▫As he had written against Luther Wanted to have a son to inherit the throne ▫Katherine of Aragon gave him a daughter He asked Pope for an annulment ▫Pope did not grant it to him

The Reformation in England Henry VIII broke away from Catholic Church ▫Started Church of England  Anglican Church  Made priests take an “Act of Submission of the Clergy”  Said he was the head of the church  Also had all Englishman acknowledge that he was the head of the Church  Thomas More refused to do so and was beheaded ▫Confiscated Catholic Church lands  Banned the Church 6 wives ▫Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived

Queen Elizabeth Henry VIII’s third wife gave him a son ▫Edward ▫Sickly, died young Henry VIII’s daughter Elizabeth took the throne ▫Violently anti-Catholic ▫Beheaded her cousin  Mary Queen of Scots

John Calvin Switzerland Sola Fides Predestination ▫God determines at the beginning of time who will and who won’t be saved

Ulrich Zwingli Believed that the Bible contained all necessary truth ▫No need for Church or tradition ▫Sola Scriptura

Anabaptists Against infant Baptism Thought you must be older to be Baptized ▫As it should be your choice

The Counter-Reformation AKA the Catholic Reformation The Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation ▫Council of Trent ▫Creation of the Jesuits and other missionary orders ▫Gritty, realistic art to draw back in the people  Caravaggio

The Council of Trent Called by Pope Paul III Examined the complaints made by the Protestants ▫Indulgences, number of Sacraments, abuse of power and position by the clergy Stopped selling indulgences ▫People had to spiritually earn them again Confirmed that there were 7 Sacraments Confirmed the teaching authority of the Church Made requirements on priestly formation Confirmed that both faith and works were necessary Confirmed that both the Bible and Tradition were necessary

The Jesuits Plan: The best defense is a good offense ▫The Church was losing numbers in Europe ▫The solution was to start up missionary religious orders Society of Jesus ▫Led by St. Ignatius of Loyola ▫Spread Church throughout Europe and the world ▫Prided themselves on education in the faith ▫Saw themselves as defenders of the Holy Father  “If it’s white and the Pope says it is black, then it’s black”