Presented By: Kealee Paulsen, Chelsea Varney, Zoë Brown, McKenna Marshall

No Child Left Behind Standards- A required or agreed level of quality or attainment. High Stakes Testing- A test with important consequences for the test taker. Passing has important benefits, such as a high school diploma, a scholarship, or a license to practice a profession. Failing has important disadvantages, such as being forced to take remedial classes until the test can be passed, not being allowed to drive a car, or not being able to find employment.

What is No Child Left Behind? Video Clip Formed in 2001 – signed and enacted January of 2002 Revision of Elementary and Secondary Education Act Grades 3-8 Tested in Math and Reading every year

Pros of NLCB Higher Enrollment in Mathematics Courses Best 9-year-old scoring since 1971 Academic Improvement in all subject categories Legislation encouraged accountability to provide additional educational options Measurement based performance assessment

Pros Continued Negligible achievement gap between white and minority students Each child receives: -Detailed report cards explaining AYP performance -Recommended paraprofessional or parental involvement -Preferred line of curriculum -Instruction practice

Pros Continued Focus on students from low income groups Focus on children with disabilities Increased responsibility towards ethnic subgroups. Improved instruction and classroom practices Scope for more parent involvement Funding for school technology

Cons of NLCB Teaching to the test: – “Focusing narrowly on the precise skills and information students need to do well on the exam.” (Koch) – Most immediate effect of NCLB Little room for Creative, In-depth Teaching – “Drill and Practice” Exercises only » Ignoring importance of passion for learning and celebration of individual talent » Silent Influence that other subjects aren’t important – Multiple choice test only – No research completed to prove learning

Cons Continued Funding can be taken away Takes away connections to Student Experience – Little meaning to Students Variability in State Standards Narrows view of knowledge – Social Studies and Science taught less = less important Achievement gap between High/Low achieving schools

Cons Continued Neglect Student Needs Loophole of Student information being public Reduced school control over curriculum Incomplete measure of student understanding Bilingual education as pedagogical goal absent – Block grants assist academic achievement of language minority student Little attention to ethnic & language minorities

AYP Adequate Yearly Progress –All public schools are required to administer a standardized test annually Within a content area: school and district AYP combines… I.Student Performance II.95% Student Participation III.School Progress Over Time

AYP (Adequate Yearly Progress) Each state shall: Develop & implement a statewide accountability system – effective in ensuring all local educational agencies, public elementary schools and public secondary schools make adequate yearly progress

AYP And Accountability Accountability: –Schools must test every student in math and reading in grades 3-8 and once in high school –Scores are reviewed annually, and schools are expected to make adequate yearly process (AYP)

AYP Continued –Consequences for not making AYP: Year 1: none Year 2: in need of improvement; 2 year improvement plan must be developed Year 3: school offers students the option to transfer and supplemental education services Year 4: corrective action; replacing staff, new curricula, etc. Year 5: restructuring; plan for an alternative governance arrangement

Race to the Top A $4.35 billion United States Department of education contest Taking place of no child left behind Created to spur innovation and reforms local districts K-12 education (5-17year olds) Funded by ED recovery act Announced by Obama and secretary of education in July of 2009 Promotes charter schools and privatization of education

Race to the Top State applications for funding were scored on criteria adding up to 500 points, including: Great Teachers and Leaders (138 points) State Success Factors (125 points) Standards and assessments (70 points) General Selection Criteria (55 points) Turning Around the Lowest-Achieving Schools (50 points) Data Systems to support Instruction (47 points)

Race to the Top States were eligible for different funding award brackets depending on their share of the federal population of children between the ages of – Delaware $100 million – Tennessee $500 million – District of Columbia $75 million – Florida $700 million – Georgia $400 million – Hawaii $75 million – Maryland $250 million – Massachusetts $250 million – New York $700 million – North Carolina $400 million – Ohio $400 million – Rhode Island $75 million

Race to the Top Common Criticisms – Tests are inaccurate way to measure teachers – Imposes federal control on state schools – High-stakes testing is unreliable – Charter schools weaken public educations – Federal government should not influence local schools

Works Cited "What the No Child Left Behind Law Means for Your Child." GreatSchools. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 10 Oct "Pros and Cons of NCLB." Pros and Cons of NCLB. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct Koch, Janice. Teach. Student ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Print. "Beyond the Playing Field." Teaching Tolerance 2012: Web. 01 Oct "Adequate Yearly Progress - Stronger Accountability - No Child Left Behind - ED.gov." Adequate Yearly Progress - Stronger Accountability - No Child Left Behind - ED.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct act.html