COLLECTIVE RIGHTS Chapter 4 Review

Rights guaranteed to specific groups in Canadian society for historical and constitutional reasons.

Collective Rights

To validate and express commitment to something

affirm

An annual payment

annuity

Who are the Numbered Treaties agreements between?

The Queen and First Nations

What year was the Indian Act passed and what is it?

federal legislation related to the rights and status of First Nations peoples.

In 1879 Canada’s government commissioned MP Nicholas Davin to recommend how to provide First Nations with education and to assimilate them at the same time. (see page 131)

What did the Davin report in 1879 recommend?

Residential Schools. These residential schools removed children from their families and disrupted their connections to their languages, cultures and identities.

The belief that one’s culture is superior to all other cultures.

ethnocentrism

To become part of a different culture.

assimilate

A group that speaks one of Canada’s official languages and that does not make up the majority population of a province or territory.

Official language minority

Which is the only province of Canada that is officially a bilingual province?

New Brunswick

What did the Manitoba Schools Act do in 1890?

-abolished public funding for Catholic schools -Made Manitoba an officially English-only province

Independence as a people, with a right to self-government.

Sovereignty

This Quebec law (1977) sets down rules for protecting and promoting the use of the French language in Quebec.

Bill 101: Charter of the French Language

Rights with origins in fundamental justice

Inherent rights

In Metis history, a document that could be exchanged for land and that was offered to the Metis at the time the Numbered Treaties were negotiated.

scrip

In 1990, Alberta’s government enacted legislation that gave the Metis what?

A permanent land base Right to manage their own affairs Rights to participate in the development of oil and gas in settlement lands

What is Michif?

A Metis language

Why did the Metis fight in the Red River and the Northwest Resistance?

To try to protect land and language rights

He led the Northwest Resistance and was tried and hung for treason in 1885

Louis Riel

Why was the Constitution Act of 1982 significant for the Metis people?

It included section35, which recognizes the Metis as one of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples with rights.

Who are the Aboriginal people of Canada?

First Nations Inuit Metis

What was a significant Supreme Court decision in 2003 that supported Metis identity?

It ruled that the Metis have the right to hunt and fish as one of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples under the constitution.

The authority to make decisions.

autonomy

Self-government for Aboriginal peoples means that they look after what?

It deals only with matters that directly affect the daily lives of the people - education, language, culture, economic development, control of land and water

In 1969, which policy recommended that Aboriginal people be assimilated into mainstream Canadian society.

The White Paper on Indian policy

This Manitoba MLA stalled debated on the ratification of the Meech Lake Accord in This brought nation- wide attention to the demands of First Nations peoples for a clarification of their rights.

Elijah Harper

These deal with claims that the government did not fulfill its obligations related to a treaty or other legal agreement with a First Nation. These claims seek money, correction of the problem by the federal government or other benefits.

Specific Claims

These are claims regarding the traditional use and occupancy of the land by Aboriginal peoples. Ownership of land, hunting and fishing rights, or financial compensation may be sought.

Comprehensive claims

What territory was created as recognition of the collective rights of a group of Canada’s northern peoples? In what year?

Nunavut

What Act in 1774 allowed religious freedom for Roman Catholics, the preservation of French civil law and the recognition of French language in use.

Quebec Act

This allows a provincial government to override claims made using some sections of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Notwithstanding clause