Culture Chapter 3

Which would you Eat? EEL KANGAROO TAIL DOG GUINEA PIG ANTS MONKEY BRAINS POSSUM RATTLESNAKE IGUANA HORSE DOLPHIN PICKLED PIGS FEET HAGGIS COW BRAINS LOCUST SHEEP'S EYES FISH CHEEKS BEAR MEAT VENISON CAT

Culture Culture: totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior Material culture: physical or technological aspects of our daily lives Food items, Houses, Factories, Raw materials Nonmaterial culture: ways of using material objects Customs, Beliefs, Philosophies, Governments, Patterns of communication

Groups SchoolChurchScoutingChoirFamily Student Union (Student Government) Clubs Sports Sports Work Force (after school job) Band or Orchestra TheaterArt

Group Work Meet with students in groups of 4 or less. Compare your list with the others. What three things did everyone have on their list?

Norms and Sanctions Norms Established standards of behavior maintained by a society - widely shared and understood Formal norms: generally written; specify strict punishments Informal norms: generally understood but not precisely recorded Sanctions Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm Sanctions associated with formal norms tend to be formal as well Fabric of norms and sanctions in a culture reflects that culture ’ s values and priorities

Sapir-Whorf: Language Sapir-Whorf hypothesis describes the role of language in shaping our interpretation of reality Language precedes thought Language is not a given Language is culturally determined Language may color how we see world Nonverbal Communication Use of gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images to communicate Expressions are learned just as we learn other forms of language Nonverbal communication is not the same in all cultures Such gestures as basic emotional expressions – a smile, a look of horror – may be close to universal

Globalization Globalization - processes of international integration and interchange of views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Cultural Diffusion: process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society

Filament from Bolivia. A U.S. child will consume time more goods in his lifetime than a Bolivian child. Clothes from Costa Rica - workers earn less than 40 cents an hour Teak furniture from Honduras. Honduras is the second poorest nation in the western hemisphere Baseball and glove from Haiti - poorest nation in the western hemisphere Rubber from Thailand, where people make $528 a year Assembled in Taiwan - workers make less than 25 cents an hour Electricity from coal mine in Kenya - ½ of the residents live below the U.S. poverty line; 2/3 have no flush toilets Food from Somalia. Somalia exported $80 million in food in 1979 and has one of the greatest per capita food shortages in the world. Coffee from Guatemala - 2/3 of the population has an annual income of $42 Pineapples from Philippines - ½ of the children have protein deficiency. Cocoa from Ecuador - 60% of children are malnourished. Sugar from the Dominican Republic - 60% of children die before the age of five.

Subculture Group of people within a culture (whether distinct or hidden) which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong. In studies they are identifiable – clothing or music Many subcultures become part of the larger culture – jazz, hip-hop, etc.

Counterculture Subculture whose values and norms deviate from the mainstream and are often in opposition to mainstream Hippies were considered a counterculture

Culture Shock Personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country, or to a move between social environments also a simple travel to another type of life