Lecture : Kholoud Eid University Majmaah 13 –

» Until now, only you have had the satisfaction of viewing your pages. Now it is time for the rest of the world to see your masterpieces. » Is the world ready for that? » The world is ready - you soon will be too. To get your website on the internet, you just need some server space and a free FTP program. » If you have Internet access, you might already have some free server space for your website. Your server space will then probably be called something like But you might need to activate it first. Read more about this in the papers from your Internet provider or on their support pages. » Another option is to get some free server space on the Internet. In the same way that you set up an account (at for example Hotmail), you can register for free server space on the Internet. Several companies offer such a service - among them 000webhost.com (click "Order Now" under "Free Hosting") - it will only take a couple of minutes to register.000webhost.com » To have access to the server, you need to know the "Host Name" (For example, ftp.htmlnet.site50.net) and have your username and password ready. Lecture : Kholoud Eid 2

» To access the server and upload your pages, you also need an FTP program. FTP is short for File Transfer Protocol. A FTP program is used to connect two computers over the Internet so that you can transfer files from your computer to another computer (the server). You might not have such a program yet, but fortunately, this can be downloaded for free. » There are many different FTP programs. One of the better is FileZilla, which is entirely free. So now you can download FileZilla atfilezilla.sourceforge.net.filezilla.sourceforge.net Lecture : Kholoud Eid 3 Is that all I need?

» Described below is how you upload your pages to a free account at 000webhost.com with FileZilla. But the procedure is, more or less, the same for all providers and FTP programs. » Open the FTP program while connected to the Internet. Insert "Host Name" ("ftp.htmlnet.site50.net" under "Address"), username (under "User") and password (under "Password") and click "Connect". You should now have access to the server. In one side of the program you can see the contents of your computer ("Local Site"), and in the other side, you can see the content of the server ("Remote Site"): And how do I upload the pages?

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» Find your HTML documents and images on your computer (on the "Local site") and transfer them to the server (the "Remote site") by double clicking on them. Now the whole world can see them! (For example, at the address » Name one of the pages "index.htm" (or "index.html") and it will automatically become the start page. i.e. if you type (without any filename) you will actually open » In the long run, it might be a good idea to purchase your own domain (for example or and avoid the long and complicated addresses you are being assigned by your Internet provider or from providers of free server space. You can find and purchase domains at for example Speednames or NetworkSolutions.SpeednamesNetworkSolutions Lecture : Kholoud Eid 6

» What more is there to know about HTML? » HTML can be coded in many different ways. And browsers can read HTML in just as many ways. You could say that HTML has many dialects. That is why some websites look different in different browsers. » There have been attempts to make a common standard of HTML through the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) founded by Tim Berners-Lee (yep! the great guy who invented HTML). But it has been a long and tough road.World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) » In the old days - when browsers where something you had to pay for - Netscape was the dominate browser. Back then, the most supported HTML standard where called 2.0 and later 3.2. But with a market share of over 90% Netscape did not have to - and did not - care much about common standards. On the contrary, Netscape invented their own strange elements, which did not function in other browsers. Lecture : Kholoud Eid 7 Web standards and validation

» For many years Microsoft almost completely ignored the Internet. After a while they took up the competition with Netscape and introduced a browser. The first versions of Microsoft's browser, Internet Explorer, were not any better than Netscape at supporting the HTML standards. But Microsoft chose to give away their browser for free (always a popular thing to do) and Internet Explorer soon became the most popular browser. » From version 4 and 5 Microsoft aimed to support more and more of the HTML standards from W3C. Netscape did not manage to develop a new version of their browser and continued to distribute the outdated version 4. » The rest is history. Today the HTML standards are called 4.01 and XHTML. Now it is Internet Explorer that has a market share of over 90%. Internet Explorer still has its own strange elements but it also supports the W3C HTML standards. And so do all of the other browsers, such as Mozilla, Opera and Netscape. » So, when you code HTML following the W3C standards, you make websites that can be seen in all browsers - both now and in the future. And luckily, what you have learned in this tutorial is a new and stricter and cleaner version of HTML called XHTML. Lecture : Kholoud Eid 8

» Insert a DTD in your pages and you can always check your HTML for errors by using W3C's free validator.W3C's free validator » To test this out, make a page and upload it to the Internet. Now, go to validator.w3.org and type the address (the URL) of your page and validate it. If your HTML is correct you will get a congratulations message. Otherwise you will get an error report telling you exactly what and where you have done something wrong. Make some errors on purpose to see what happens.validator.w3.org » The validator is not just helpful to locate an error. Some browsers try to compensate for lack of skills among web developers by trying to fix errors in the HTML and showing the page as they guess it should look. With such browsers, you might never see an error in your own browser. However, other browsers might guess differently or not show the page at all. The validator can help you find errors you did not even know existed. » Always validate your pages to be sure they will always be shown correctly. Lecture : Kholoud Eid 9 Validate? Why and how should I do that?

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Lecture : Kholoud Eid 11 The final tips

» Congratulations, you have now reached the final lesson. You have learned a lot and you are now capable of making your own websites! However, what you have learned are the basics and there is still a lot more to be mastered. But you now have a good foundation from which to build on. In this last lesson, you will get some final tips: » First, it is a good idea to maintain order and structure in your HTML documents. By posting well arranged documents you will not only show others your mastery of HTML but will also make it considerably easier for yourself to keep an overview. » Stick to the standards and validate your pages. This cannot be stressed enough: Always write clean XHTML, use a DTD and validate your pages on validator.w3c.org.validator.w3c.org Lecture : Kholoud Eid 12 So now I know everything?

» Give your page contents. Remember that HTML is a tool, which enables you to present information on the Internet, so make sure that there is information to present. Pretty pages may look nice but most people use the Internet to find information. » Avoid overloading your pages with heavy images and other fancy stuff you have found on the Internet. It slows down the loading of the page and could be confusing for visitors. Pages that take more than 20 seconds to load can lose up to 50% of their visitors. » Remember to add your website to search engines/directories so people other than your closest family can find and enjoy it. On the front page of all search engines, you will find a link to add new pages (The most important is Google, but there are also others like DMOZ, Yahoo, AltaVista,AlltheWeb and Lycos).GoogleDMOZYahooAltaVistaAlltheWebLycos » In this tutorial, you have learned to use Notepad, which is a simple and very easy to use editor, but perhaps you will find it helpful to use a more advanced editor which gives a better overview and more possibilities. You can find a summary and reviews of different editors on Download.com.Download.com Lecture : Kholoud Eid 13

First of all, it is important that you continue to work and experiment with the things you have learned in this tutorial. Study other people's websites and if you find something you like see how it was made with "View Source" (Click "View" in the menu in your browser and choose "Source"). Lecture : Kholoud Eid 19 How do I learn more?

» Search the Internet for examples and articles on HTML. There are lots of websites with great contents on HTML. » Read and ask questions in the Forums. This is where you meet the real experts from whom you can learn a lot.Forums Lecture : Kholoud Eid 20