www.thetoppersway.com Seminar On BLACK BOX Submitted To: Submitted By: www.thetoppersway.com www.thetoppersway.com 1 1

CONTENT INTRODUCTION HISTORY INSIDE THE BLACK BOX TECHNOLOGY USED FLIGHT DATA RECORDER (FDR) COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER (CVR) TECHNOLOGY USED WORKING OF BLACK BOX ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE CONCLUSION REFERNCE

INTRODUCTION It is an electronics device used to record any instructions and specific aircraft performance parameters. It record's specific aircraft performance parameters and conversations in the cockpit. A black box consist of FDR & CVR .

HISTORY The first prototype FDR was made in 1956 By DAVID WARREN in aeronautical research laboratories of Melbourne , Australia .

INSIDE THE BLACK BOX Flight Data Recorder (FDR) Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

FLIGHT DATA RECORDER It is an electronics device used to record any instructions and the operating data from the plane's systems. It records various performance parameters on an aircraft .

PARAMETERS RECORDED BY MOST FDR’S Time Pressure attitude Air speed Vertical acceleration Magnetic heading Fuel flow Horizontal stabilizer Control column position Control wheel position Rudder –pedal position

A FDR is shown below which is recovered after a crash

COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER It records the audio environment in the flight deck of an aircraft for the purpose of accident & incidents . This is typically achieved by recording the signals of the microphones & earphones of the pilots headsets & of an area microphone in the roof of the cockpit . According to FAA after 2005 the recording duration is minimum of 30 minutes . But according to NTSB it should be of 2 hours.

THE POSITIONS OF THE FOUR MICROPHONES Pilot's headset Co-pilot's headset Headset of a third crew member (if there is a third crew member) Near the center of the cockpit, where it can pick up audio alerts and other sounds

COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER

TECHNOLOGY USED MAGNETIC TAPES SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY

MAGNETIC TAPES This technology was introduced in late `1960’s & made magnetic tapes a recording medium up to the introduction of solid state technology . CVR & FDR records over the oldest data with the newest data in an endless loop recording pattern . Then DFDR’S were introduced which can record at 64 12-bit data per seconds. But it was limited to flights having digital avionics like Boeing 767 & airbus a320 . In this technology it can record up to 30 min of data.

SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY The introduction of this technology expanded recording capacity , enhanced crash\fire survivability ,& improved recording reliability . It can record up to 64 12 bit data words per seconds or four times the capacity of magnetic tapes in DFDR’s It can records up to 25 hours of flight data .

These recording devices cost between $10,000 to $15,000 each. Both Black Boxes are powered by one of two power generators that draw their power from the plane's engines. The Memory boards have enough digital storage space to accommodate 2 hours of Audio data for CVRs and 25 hours of Flight data for FDRs.

WORKING OF BLACK BOX Underwater Locator Beacon (ULB) Submergence sensor on the side of the beacon. Pulses at 37.5 kilohertz (kHz). sound as deep as 14,000 feet (4,267 m). Once the beacon begins "pinging," it pings once per second for 30 days.

WORKING OF BLACK BOX Retrieving Information This portable interface can allow investigators quick access to the data on a black box.. Retrieval of FDR Retrieval of CVR Once the beacon begins "pinging," it pings once per second for 30 days.

ADVANTAGES Retrieval comes first. It is very useful for accident investigations . The mistakes or error can be avoided in other aircrafts .

DISADVANTAGES The results are often overestimated. Not all properties of a software product can be tested The reason for a failure is not found. Only a small number of possible inputs can actually be tested, to test every possible input stream would take nearly forever May leave many program paths untested

This black box alone was left to tell the story of the crash of Egypt Air Flight 990.

The cockpit voice recorder from the downed Alaska Airlines Flight 261

CONCLUSION From the study of Black Box we derived a information that how the information about aircraft mishap is analyzed & unanswered question is answered. In this study we discuss about various technology various aspects involved in black box.

REFERENCES www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.thetoppersway.com

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