 Tragedy-recounts a casually related series of events in the life of a person of significance, culminating in an unhappy catastrophe (usually death).  Tragic Hero-protagonist whose hamartia (error) causes his downfall.  Comic Relief-a comical character or moment that brings relief to the darkness of the tragedy  Allusion- reference to something the reader is expected to know

 Tragic Flaw-a flaw the tragic hero has, such as excessive pride, that leads to the downfall of the hero.  Hamartia- an error the tragic hero makes  Tragic Fall- what the tragic hero experiences- it is not pure loss. There is some self- awareness gained.  Catharsis- emotional release at the end. When a tragedy is well-performed, it produces a catharsis with the audience at the end.

 Foil Character: a character whose character traits are in stark contrast to another’s. Example: Tybalt and Benvolio from Romeo and Juliet  Dramatic Conventions- techniques the author uses within the play. Examples: aside, soliloquy, monologue  Soliloquy: a speech that a character gives alone on stage; reveals thoughts and feelings of the character.

 Monologue: a long speech by a character heard by others on stage  Aside- a brief, private comment made to the audience or another character  Blank Verse-unrhymed iambic pentameter  Iambic Pentameter: writing with ten syllables (or five “feet”) which alternate stressed and unstressed syllables

 Plot- sequence of events in a story  Exposition- first part of plot- contains setting and conflict(s)  Rising action- conflict is developed, and anticipation builds  Climax- the peak of action, emotion, and intensity for the reader/audience  Falling Action- Conflict(s) begin to clear up  Resolution: conflicts are resolved

 Dramatic Irony- when the audience knows something a character does not know  Verbal Irony- when one thing is said, but something else is meant  Situational Irony- different between what is expected to happen, and what actually happens  Theme- the main message the author is trying to get across in the story.  Symbolism-when an object represent an idea. Refer to your symbolism packet.  Motifs-when an idea, object, word, etc., is repeated throughout a work of literature. Refer to your motif notes.

 Authors/playwrights develop characters through:  M- motivation- what the character’s motives are and what motivates them  C- what conflicts are present  P- perception- how do the characters perceive others, and how do others perceive them?  A- actions- what do we learn through the character’s actions?  S- speech- what do we learn through the character’s speech?  T-thoughts- what do we learn through the character’s speech?  A- appearance- what do we learn through the character’s physical appearance

 Indirect Characterization- a writer shows us characters by describing their speech, thoughts, and appearance. This means we, as readers, must infer what kind of people we are meeting in the stories.  Direct Characterization- a writer directly tells us what a character is like, or what a person’s motives are. Indirect characterization is more common.

 Man Versus Man (External)  Man Versus Society (External)  Man Versus Nature (External)  Man Versus Self (Internal)

 Omniscient  Limited Omniscient  First Person  Dramatic  See handout on P.O.V.

 Review your Archetypes packet and power point in handout’s section

 Comma Rules  Underlining Rules  Capitalization Rules  MLA/Citations- Rules  There are handouts for all of these in the handout’s section of my website.

 How to read a dictionary entry

 see poetry terms’ glossary/notes in handout’s section