A Guide to SQL, Sixth Edition 1 Chapter 7 Reports

2 Objectives Use concatenation in a query Create a view for a report Create a query for a report Change column headings and formats in a report

3 Objectives Add a title to a report Group data in a report Include totals and subtotals in a report Send a report to a file that can be printed

4 Concatenating Columns Concatenation The process of combining two or more character columns into a single expression To concatenate columns, type two vertical lines (||) between the column names

5 Concatenating Columns Problem: List the number and name of each sales rep. The name should be a concatenation of the FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME columns. Solution: SELECT REP_NUM, FIRST_NAME||LAST_NAME FROM REP;

6 Concatenating Columns When the first name does not include sufficient characters to fill the width of the column, SQL inserts extra spaces To remove these extra spaces, the RTRIM (right trim) function can be used

7 Creating and Using Scripts When entering report formatting commands, it is a good idea to save the commands in script files for future use Otherwise, the commands must be reentered every time you want to produce the same report

8 Creating and Using Scripts In SQL*Plus, an editor can be used to create script files by typing: The EDIT command The name of the file to be created Oracle assigns the file the extension.sql To run the command(s) in the file from SQL*Plus, followed by the name of the file

9 Creating and Using Scripts In SQL*Plus Worksheet, a script file can be created by: Typing the command(s) in the upper pane of the SQL*Plus Worksheet window Selecting the Save Input As command Specifying the name and location for the file Oracle assigns the file the extension.sql

10 Creating and Using Scripts In SQL*Plus Worksheet, to run the command(s) in a file: Select the Open command Select the file Click the Open button Click the Execute button

11 Running the Query for the Report The data for a report can come from either a table or a view Using a view is preferable to using a table, particularly if the report involves data from more than one table

12 Running the Query for the Report Problem: Create a script file named SLSR_REPORT.sql that defines a view named SLSR_REPORT with five columns for the report Name first column SLSR: concatenation of the sales rep number, first name, and last name for each sales rep Insert a hyphen between sales rep number and name, separate first and last names with a single space, and trim the values

13 Running the Query for the Report Problem (Continued): Name second column CUST: concatenation of the customer number and the customer name Insert a hyphen between the customer number and name and trim the name Name the third column BAL: contains the balance

14 Running the Query for the Report Problem (Continued): Name the fourth column CRED: credit limit Name the fifth column AVAIL: available credit (CREDIT_LIMIT - BALANCE) for each customer Run the script file to create the view

15 Running the Query for the Report

16 Creating the Data for the Report To produce a report, a SELECT command must be run to create the data to be used in the report Problem: List all data in the SLSR_REPORT view Order rows by the SLSR and CUST columns

17 Creating the Data for the Report Solution: SELECT * FROM SLSR_REPORT ORDER BY SLSR, CUST;

18 Changing Column Headings To change a column heading: Type the COLUMN command followed by the name of the column heading to change Use the HEADING clause to assign a new heading To display the heading on two lines, separate the two portions of the heading with a single vertical line (|)

19 Changing Column Headings Problem: Change the column headings in the report so they are more descriptive of the columns’ contents

20 Changing Column Headings Solution: CLEAR COLUMNS COLUMN SLSR HEADING 'Sales Rep|Number/Name‘ COLUMN CUST HEADING 'Customer|Number/Name‘ COLUMN BAL HEADING 'Current|Balance‘ COLUMN CRED HEADING 'Credit|Limit‘ COLUMN AVAIL HEADING 'Available|Credit‘ /

21 Changing Column Headings CLEAR COLUMNS: clears any previous column changes made to column headings or formats in the current work session The COLUMN commands change the column headings The slash (/ ) on the last line reruns the last query and displays the data with the new column headings

22 Changing Column Formats in a Report The COLUMN command is used to: Change column headings Change the width of a column Change the way entries appear in a column

23 Changing Column Formats in a Report Problem: Change the format of the columns to allow the SLSR and CUST columns to display 20 and 30 characters, respectively Display the data in the other columns with dollar signs and two decimal places

24 Changing Column Formats in a Report Solution: CLEAR COLUMNS COLUMN SLSR HEADING 'Sales Rep|Number/Name' FORMAT A20 COLUMN CUST HEADING 'Customer|Number/Name' FORMAT A30 COLUMN BAL HEADING 'Current|Balance' FORMAT $99, COLUMN CRED HEADING 'Credit|Limit' FORMAT $99, COLUMN AVAIL HEADING 'Available|Credit' FORMAT $99, /

25 Adding a Title to a Report Problem: Add a title that extends over two lines to the report The first line is “Customer Financial Report” The second line is “Organized by Sales Rep”

26 Adding a Title to a Report Solution: SET LINESIZE 90 SET PAGESIZE 50 TTITLE 'Customer Financial Report|Organized by Sales Rep‘ /

27 Adding a Title to a Report TTITLE: adds a title to the top of the report BTITLE: adds a title at the bottom of the report Enclose the title in single quotation marks in the TTITLE and BTITLE commands To display the title on two lines, separate the lines with a vertical line

28 Adding a Title to a Report Line size is the maximum number of characters each line can contain SET LINESIZE: adjusts line size Page size: maximum number of lines per page SET PAGESIZE: sets page size

29 Grouping Data in a Report BREAK: identifies a column or collection of columns on which to group data Problem: Group rows in the report by SLSR column Remove message at the end of the report indicating number of rows selected

30 Grouping Data in a Report Solution: BREAK ON REPORT ON SLSR SKIP 1 SET FEEDBACK OFF /

31 Grouping Data in a Report The 1 in the SKIP clause at the end of the BREAK command inserts one blank line between groups SET FEEDBACK OFF: turns off the message indicating the number of rows selected by the query

32 Including Total and Subtotals in a Report Subtotal: A total that appears after each group To calculate a subtotal, use BREAK to group the rows Use COMPUTE to indicate the computation for the subtotal

33 Including Total and Subtotals in a Report The COMPUTE command uses statistical functions

34 Including Total and Subtotals in a Report Problem: Include totals and subtotals in the report for the BAL and AVAIL columns

35 Including Total and Subtotals in a Report Solution: COMPUTE SUM OF BAL ON SLSR COMPUTE SUM OF AVAIL ON SLSR COMPUTE SUM OF BAL ON REPORT COMPUTE SUM OF AVAIL ON REPORT /

36 Including Total and Subtotals in a Report In the COMPUTE command: The OF clause includes the desired computations and the column names on which the computations are to occur The ON clause indicates the point at which the computation is to occur

37 Sending the Report to a File The exact manner in which a report is printed depends on the DBMS To print a report using Oracle: The output of the query is sent to a file by using the SPOOL command The contents of the file are printed

38 Sending the Report to a File Problem: Send the report created in the previous examples to a file named SLSR_REPORT_OUTPUT.SQL Solution: SPOOL SLSR_REPORT_OUTPUT.SQL / SPOOL OFF

39 Sending the Report to a File SPOOL SLSR_REPORT_OUTPUT.SQL sends the output of subsequent commands to a file named SLSR_REPORT_OUTPUT.SQL The SPOOL OFF command turns off spooling and stops any further output from being sent to the SLSR_REPORT_OUTPUT.SQL file

40 Completing the Script to Produce the Report CLEAR COLUMNS: clears any previous column definitions CLEAR COMPUTE: clears any previously specified computations CLEAR BREAK: clears any previous breaks TTITLE OFF: turns off any previously specified title at the top of the report

41 Summary To concatenate values in character columns, separate the column names with two vertical lines You can create script files to create views and format reports The data for a report can come from a table or a view Use COLUMN to change a column heading Use the HEADING clause to assign a new heading name

42 Summary Use COLUMN with a FORMAT clause to change the format of column values Use the TTITLE or BTITLE command to add a title at the top or bottom of a report Use BREAK and COMPUTE and an appropriate statistical function to calculate data in a report Use SPOOL to send a report to a file for printing or editing

43 SQL Project Seven Completed Good Luck H. Zamanzadeh