From Here to There: Transportation Demand Strategies to Support the Grounds Plan at the University of Virginia Presented by Chris Conklin, P.E.

TDM Plan Overview A strategic plan focused on transportation needs over a 10 to 20 year timeframe Accompanies the Grounds Plan Conducted with focus groups and a steering committee Led by the University Architect’s and Parking and Transportation Offices

University Overview Charlottesville, VA Founded by Thomas Jefferson Opened in 1825 #2 Public University (USN&WR) 1,135 acres 20,000 students 12,700 employees 586 hospital beds 29,000 inpatient visits 650,000 outpatient procedures

What is Transportation Demand Management (TDM)? Transportation Demand Management is: The “art of influencing travel behavior for the purpose of redistributing travel demand” North Carolina DOT

TDM Plan – Keys to Success Comprehensive Supportive of University vision and policies Tailored for different land uses and user groups Coupled with parking management Encourages investment in and use of alternative modes Reinforced by physical design elements Periodically monitored and modified TDM Plan Bicycle / Pedestrian Traffic/ Parking Commute Options Context- Sensitive Design Transit

Transit – Goals and Strategies Goals Provide commute option Regional transit service Remote parking Reduce automobile traffic Circulation within Grounds and City Remote parking connection Strategies Routing and coverage Frequency Reliability Connections Traveler information Vehicle comfort Branding/Identity Amenities Pricing TDM Plan Bicycle / Pedestrian Traffic/ Parking Commute Options Context- Sensitive Design Transit

Pedestrian – Goals and Strategies Goals Strategies Network continuity Directness Street crossings Safety and security Wayfinding Mix and proximity of uses Amenities and facilities Grounds and City circulation Intra-grounds travel Dining & shopping Parking access Short-distance commutes Residences within walking distance (0 to 1 mi) Reduce shuttle needs Encourage walking over riding TDM Plan Bicycle / Pedestrian Traffic/ Parking Commute Options Context- Sensitive Design Transit

Bicycle – Goals and Strategies TDM Plan Bicycle / Pedestrian Traffic/ Parking Commute Options Context- Sensitive Design Transit GoalsStrategies Dedicated facilities Network continuity Wayfinding Directness Driver training Topography Support programs and facilities Grounds and City circulation Intra-grounds travel Dining & shopping Parking access Medium-distance commutes Residences within biking distance (0 to 5+ mi) Reduce shuttle needs Encourage biking over riding

Parking – Goals and Strategies TDM Plan Bicycle / Pedestrian Traffic/ Parking Commute Options Context- Sensitive Design Transit GoalsStrategies Sizing Location Pricing/allocation policy Design Operations/management Meet Needs Adequate supply Reasonable convenience Fair pricing Minimize Physical Impacts Green space Aesthetics Development area Continuity) Efficient Use

Commute Options – Goals and Strategies TDM Plan Bicycle / Pedestrian Traffic/ Parking Commute Options Context- Sensitive Design Transit GoalsStrategies Parking pricing/cash out Transit incentives LEV/ZEV incentives Carsharing Housing incentives Ridematching Preferential parking Remote parking Partnerships Encourage use of alternatives to driving Encourage efficiency of location Encourage efficient vehicle selection Provide fair and consistent policies

TDM at Peer Universities Van/carpool discounted permits and premium parking – Virginia Tech – Harvard University – University of North Carolina – University of Michigan Van/carpool subsidies and premium parking – Cornell University – Stanford University TDM membership programs, transportation events, , and website marketing – Harvard University – University of North Carolina – Stanford University – University of Wisconsin

TDM Scenarios Aggressiveness of Program Implementation Least Aggressive Scenario Moderately Aggressive Scenario Aggressive Scenario Very Aggressive Scenario The effectiveness of these scenarios is compared to a baseline condition

Mode Choice Modeling Computational model estimates the travel impacts of commuter transportation programs Inputs include baseline information on mode shares, employees, existing TDM, and parking pricing Multiple TDM packages were assessed for their trip reduction impacts Predicted trip reductions were analyzed against parking supply and projected needs

Baseline Mode Splits Travel ModeBaseline Drive Alone62% Carpool10% Vanpool0% Transit5% Bicycle2% Pedestrian16% Other5% Total100% Data Provided by the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission for the City of Charlottesville.

Baseline Parking (2005) Parking Supply Total Parking Supply 16,500 Committed Spaces 4,900 Vacant Spaces 1,500 Commuting Supply 9,400 Parking Demand Employees12,700 Students19,500 Total Population32,200 Commuting Demand12,800 Commuting Supply Ratio = 0.73

Future Parking Implications Methodology (simplified) Estimate of current supply, assignments, and utilization Identify relationship between commuter supply and mode share Identify parking needed for future employment and enrollment with mode share adjustments

Future Parking Needs (2015 and 2025) Accommodate population increases: – Enrollment – Employment – Patient/visitor activity Maintain supply for: – Operational margins – Short-term parking – Departmental parking – Residential parking

Overall Mode Split Comparison ScenarioDrive AloneVanpool/ Carpool AutoNon-Auto Baseline Least Aggressive Moderate Aggressive Very Aggressive

Overall Additional Parking Comparison ScenarioNumberPercentNumberPercent Baseline1,4009 %3,25020 % Least Aggressive9756 %2,72517 % Moderate7755 %2,47515 % Aggressive4503 %2,10013 % Very Aggressive00 %1,3258 % Increase of approximately 1,000 could be accommodated within the existing supply

Aggressive Program Mode Splits Travel ModeBaselineChangeOutcome Drive Alone62%- 13 %49 % Van/Carpool10%+9 %19 % Transit5%+ 2 %7 % Bicycle2%+ 1 %3 % Pedestrian16%+ 1 %17 % Other5%0 %5 % Total100%0 %100 %

Aggressive Parking Statistics (2015 and 2025) Parking Demand Employees12,700 15,00017,800 Students19,500 21,00022,700 Total Population32,200 36,00040,500 Commuting Demand12,800 13,60015,800 Additional Demand 450 2,100 Percentage Increase 3% 13% plus replacement

Outcomes Aggressive program implementation recommended – 13 % shift from drive alone – 775 fewer parking spaces – $27 million in potential savings Charlottesville Transit & University Transit (CTS & UTS) Free Ride UTS route changes Informs new project proposals

From Here to There: Transportation Demand Strategies to Support the Grounds Plan at the University of Virginia Presented by Chris Conklin, P.E.