결정 구조 분석 結晶 構造 分析 Analysis of Crystal Structure 일반화학 Chemistry

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결정 구조 분석 結晶 構造 分析 Analysis of Crystal Structure 일반화학 Chemistry 재료공학 Materials Science 결정화학 Crystal Chemistry

미국의 유명한 지구 화학자 F. Clarke 는 지각을 포함하여 해수및 대기 중에 함유된 원소들의 중량비를 수치로 표현하였는데, 이를 클라크수(Clark number) 그에 따르면 지각의 99%는 산소(O), 규소(Si), 알루미늄(Al), 철(Fe), 칼슘(Ca), 나트륨(Na), 칼륨(K), 마그네슘(Mg), 티탄(Ti) 등의 9종의 원소로 구성되며 그 외 수십 종의 원소가 나머지 1%를 차지 즉, 지구상에 존재하는 대표적 물질은 이들의 조합인 SiO2, Al2O3 .... 등 이들이 단결정화되면 수정(SiO2), 루비-사파이어(Al2O3) 등의 보석으로….. 금속결정/세라믹결정/유기결정 ?

Machinability : Nano & Net-shaping No “Ideal” structure --- DEFECT ?? (당구) Process (공정) (라면끌이기) Measurement(계측) (MICRO or MACRO) 표, 그래프, 사진 ADVANCED MATERIAL Microstructure (미세구조) (담배꽁초) Properties (물성) Physical / Chemical Thermal Mechanical Electrical & Magnetic Optical Ionic / Covalent / Metallic Bulk / film / powder Crystalline / Non-crystalline (amorphous or glass) Single Crystal / Polycrystalline Monolithic / Composite ( MMC, CMC ) GB Eng. + Surface Eng.: Interface Engineering Defect Chemistry Defect Interaction : Point & interface–space charge Crystallography Performance (응용) Machinability : Nano & Net-shaping 결정구조 ? 미세구조?

소재공정 (Materials Processing) 미세구조 (MICROSTRUCTURE) -  NO  'Ideal ' structure --- (Defect ?? 거동을 이해) ZERO-dimensional (Point defect) electronic: electron & electron hole lattice: Vacancy, Schokky, Frenkel ONE-dimensional (Line defect) dislocation (edge, screw, mixed) TWO-dimensional (Planar defect) Surface(S/V), Grainboundary(S/S), Interphase B, Twin B, Antiphase B, Stacking faults THREE-dimensional (Volume defect) pores, cavities, cracks, precipitates, glassy layer, voids, cluster *MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS :  CONTRAST --- INTERPRETATION                     (OBSERVATION) --(INVESTIGATION) WHY ? important Process --- Properties --- Microstucture Mechanism/ Proof/  TEM : 0.5mm2 WHAT ? Ionic / Covalent / Metallic Bulk / film / powder Crystalline / Non-crystalline (amorphous or glass) Single Crystal / Polycrystalline Monolithic / Composite ( MMC, CMC ) HOW ?  Camera : Automatic, Manual OM : Stereo, Normalski, Polarized, Reflection, Transmission EM : SEM, TEM AFM XRD Morphology (형상)   Chemistry (화학성분) : EDS/WDS/EELS   Crystallography (결정구조관련정보) : XRD + Electron Diffraction (Spot, Kikuchi, ECP, EBSP) 소재공정 (Materials Processing) 1. Powder(분말) : Sol/Gel, 고상반응, Pechni법 분말의 순도, 형상, 크기, 크기분포 – 원소성분 (AES or OES), BET, FTIR, XPS 2. Bulk(소결체) : Pressureless Sintering(상압소결, 온도), Hot-pressing (온도+압력), Hipping (온도+등압), etc. Density(밀도), 기공 크기, 형상, 분포 3. Film – thin(박막) : Sputtering, CVD, PVD, MBE, PLD - thicK(후막) : coating 결정립 및 계면구조 : (구조적) XRD, OM, SEM, TEM, AFM, EBSP (화학적) EDS, WDS, EELS 소재물성 (Materials Properties ) Physical / Chemical : Temp, Viscosity Thermal : DTA, TGA, TMA, DSC, Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Expansion Mechanical : Hardness, Elastic Modulus, Compressive/tensile Stress, MOR Electrical & Magnetic : Hall Effect, Magnetization Optical : Transmittance