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THE ENVIRONMENT

PROBLEMS OF THE ENVIRONMENT THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT GLOBAL WARMING ACID RAIN POLLUTION

THE ENVIRONMENT The environment is the natural world (the air, water and land) in which people, animals and plants live, and the way all these things depend on each other so that life on the Earth can continue.

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT The problem of the gradual rise in temperature of the earth´s atmosphere It is caused by an increase of gases (e.g., carbon dioxide) in the air These gases trap the heat of the sun

CAUSES OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT Carbon dioxide is produced by vehicle exhaust fumes and by burning fossil fuels from power plants, factories and homes It causes temperature to rise deforestation trees, which absorb carbon dioxide, are destroyed

CAUSES OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT Other gases (e.g., nitrogen oxide) come from vehicles and power plant, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides used in intensive farming are emitted by household products (e.g., refrigerators) Some (e.g., methane gas) are released from household and industrial waste in landfill sites and cattle

RESULTS OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT Warming up of the earth The ozone hole is bigger Changes to the global climate Dangerous ultraviolet rays approach the Earth

GLOBAL WARMING Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century. Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.

CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL WARMING The Earth is gradually becoming warmer Extreme weather (storms, draught, forest fires, soil erosion, avalanches, tsunami melting of icebergs the increase of the sea level and flooding the land and erosion

ACID RAIN Acid rain is created in chemical reaction of these greenhouse gases with sunlight and water vapour It contains harmful chemicals Acid rain damages trees and plants poisons and kills fish in lakes and rivers acid corrosion attacks buildings

SMOG Smog is dirty air especially in the cities and industrial districts that is a mixture of smoke, fog and harmful gases SUMMERTIME SMOG A mixture of pollutants which can form in hot, sunny weather It is caused by the action of sunlight on gases from motor vehicles and ozone

POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS POLLUTION is damage caused to the environment by harmful waste and chemicals EFFECTS OF POLLUTION Worsening symptoms of heart or lung diseases Irritation of the eyes and nose

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? Avoid using cars when pollution levels are high Avoid using a car if it does not have a catalyst fitted Don´t use the car at all for short journey Remember that vehicle idling produces pollutants too Use water-based or low-solvent paints, glues, varnishes and wood preservatives

HUMAN ACTIVITIES Cutting down forests and rainforests deforestation Forming landfills water and soil pollution Hunting and killing animals, destroying their natural habitat endangered species are dying out

WHY IS IT DANGEROUS TO CUT DOWN RAINFORESTS? We need oxygen that comes from rainforests Rainforests are the homes of many insects, plants and animals They help catch water and give it back to the Earth in the form of clouds, which brings us water The roots of trees and plants in the rainforest keep water and soil in the place Without the rainforest, there are problems like floods and mudslides

SOLUTIONS Alternative sources of energy = renewable, do not pollute the air (wind turbines, solar, water power, nuclear energy) In the home solar panels, insulation, energy efficient light bulbs Biodegradable products environmentally friendly Separating and recycling waste (paper, cartons, cans, cardboards, glass, plastic bottles, batteries, metal) Using a bicycle, an electric car or public transport reduces pollution

SOLUTIONS Planting trees and reforesting new areas Limiting burning coal as fuel Using natural materials such as wood Buying environment friendly products (unleaded petrol, detergents) Saving energy and water Restricting the use of aerosols Protecting endangered species against poachers Keeping endangered species in natural reserves or zoos Teaching children about protecting wildlife and conserving the Earth

A QUIZ Are these statements TRUE or FALSE? Recycling is the REUSING of materials into new products and prevents useful material resources being DESTROYED.. The Kyoto Treaty 2001 is an international treaty on climate change, establishing mandatory reduction of GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS to which countries that signed this treaty agree. The ozone layer is the part of the Earth´s atmosphere which KEEPS THE OXYGEN CLOSE TO THE EARTH. FALSE: REPROCESSING … WASTED TRUE FALSE: IT PROTECTS THE PLANET FROM THE SUN´S ULTRAVIOLET RAYS

A QUIZ „Exhaust fumes“ are created by FACTORIES. Geothermal energy comes from HOT SPRINGS AND GEYSERS. Earth Day is celebrated on MARCH 21st. Skin cancer is caused UV exposure and may be prevented by avoiding exposure to DIRECT SUN, wearing sun-protective clothes, and using a broad-spectrum SUNPROTECTION. FALSE: BY SMOKE COMING OUT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES FALSE: HOT SPRINGS, GEYSERS AND POOLS OF BOILING MUD FALSE: APRIL 22nd FALSE: UV… SUNLIGHT OR OTHER UV SOURCES … SUNSCREEN

Použité zdroje: HORNBY. Oxford Advanced Learner´s Dictionary of Current English. 8. vyd. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, V6. Grenhouse effect. [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný z: Global warming. [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný z: EISELTOVÁ, Lucie a Tycho GAMES. Maturitní otázky z angličtiny s Labyrintem: Odmaturuj za vyd. Brno: Computer Press, 2007, s ISBN Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Dr. Anna Štiplová.