Pneumatics Hydraulics Fluid Power Pneumatics Hydraulics

Fluid Power Fluid power is the technology that deals with the generation, control, and transmission of pressurized fluids.

Practical Uses Transport fluid Delivering the fluid from one location to another to achieve a useful purpose. An example of this in the case of hydraulics in a lube oil or grease system to provide oil or grease to lubricate bearings on heavy equipment.

Practical Uses (cont..) Transport energy In this case the fluid flow is used to actuate a device specifically designed to operate from the flow provided. In general, these actuators fall into the following categories: Cylinder (hydraulic or pneumatic): Provides force in a linear fashion Motor (hydraulic or pneumatic): Provides continuous rotational motion Rotary actuator: Provides rotational motion of less than 360 degrees.

Pneumatics vs. Hydraulics Hydraulic Power Uses a liquid, usually oil, to convert, store and transmit power Pneumatic Power Uses gas, usually air, to convert, store, and transmit power.

Hydraulics HYDRAULICS is a branch of science that deals with the study and use of liquids as related to the mechanical aspects of physics.

Hydraulic Systems

Mechanical Advantage 10 cm2 100 cm2 Mechanical advantage means that’s its easier to do something. The volume or distance moved, compared to the pressure applied will determine the amount of work that can be done 100 cm2

Basic Principles of Hydraulics Liquids have no shape of their own. Liquids will NOT compress. Liquids  transmit  applied  pressure  in  all directions. Liquids provide great increase in work force.

Basic Principles of Hydraulics Liquids have no shape of their own. ______________________________

Basic Principles of Hydraulics ______________________________ Liquids provide great increase in work force.

Basic Principles of Hydraulics Liquids will NOT compress.

Basic Principles of Hydraulics Liquids  transmit applied pressure  in  all directions.

Pressure vs. Force Force  means  a  total push or pull. It is push or pull exerted against the total area of a particular surface and is expressed in pounds or grams. Pressure means the amount of push or pull (force) applied to each unit area of the surface. Pressure  may  be exerted in one direction, in several directions, or in all directions.

Computing Force and Pressure Pressure  equals  force   divided  by  area.   By rearranging  the  above   formula,  this  state  may  be condensed into the following: P = F divided by A

The Basic Idea The basic idea behind any hydraulic system is very simple: Force that is applied at one point is transmitted to another point using an incompressible fluid. The fluid is almost always an oil of some sort. The force is almost always multiplied in the process.

Hydraulic Motors

Hydraulic Actuating Cylinders Actuating Cylinders: A piston and shaft within a cylinder, that performs an action.

Actuators Extend Pressure Retract Pressure Retract Exhaust Extend Pressure

Computing Force and Pressure A  formula  is  used  in  computing  force,  pressure, and area in hydraulic systems. In this formula, P refers to pressure, F indicates force, and A represents area. Force  equals  pressure  times  area.  Thus,  the formula is written F = P x A

Actuators Example #1 How much extend force will a 2” bore cylinder develop with a 80 PSI supply? Bore (inside diameter of piston): 2” Area = Pi (3.1415) x r2 3.1415 x (1)2 = 3.1415 Force = 80 PSI x 3.1415 per sq./in. Force extend = 251.33 lbs

Actuators Example #2