JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY & STATES RIGHTS Ch. 12 Mrs. Pagotto

VOCABULARY USE YOUR TEXTBOOK TO DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS Sectionalism- Sectionalism- Andrew Jackson- Andrew Jackson- John Quincy Adams- John Quincy Adams- The Corrupt Bargain- The Corrupt Bargain- Jacksonian Democracy- Jacksonian Democracy- Spoils System- Spoils System- Tariff of Abominations- John C. Calhoun- Doctrine of Nullification- Secede- States Rights-

SECTIONALISM CHANGES POLITICS Key Question: What political divisions appeared during the Key Question: What political divisions appeared during the election of 1824? election of 1824? Presidential Candidates New Englanders supported John Quincy Adams Southerners supported both Treasury Secretary William Crawford as well as Andrew Jackson Westerners supported House Speaker Henry Clay as well as Andrew Jackson

ELECTION OF 1824 VOTER TURNOUT 27% 99 Electoral Votes Andrew Jackson 84 Electoral Votes John Quincy Adams 37 Electoral Votes Henry Clay

ELECTION 1824 Who received the most votes? Who received the most votes? Andrew Jackson had the most votes, but did not have a majority of electoral votes Andrew Jackson had the most votes, but did not have a majority of electoral votes So now what? So now what? Vote goes to the House of Representatives to pick the winner Vote goes to the House of Representatives to pick the winner What do you think happens….?

ELECTION 1824 Clay did not like Jackson, so he told Representatives to vote for Adams Clay did not like Jackson, so he told Representatives to vote for Adams Sure enough….John Quincy Adams was named the President! Sure enough….John Quincy Adams was named the President! Once Adams became President, he named Clay the Secretary of State Once Adams became President, he named Clay the Secretary of State Sound suspicious? Andrew Jackson sure thought so!!! Sound suspicious? Andrew Jackson sure thought so!!! He called this supposed conspiracy “The Corrupt Bargain” He called this supposed conspiracy “The Corrupt Bargain”

ELECTION 1824 Jackson felt like the Presidency was stolen from him. He had the popular vote, just not a majority of electoral votes. So he felt like the will of people was ignored. Jackson felt like the Presidency was stolen from him. He had the popular vote, just not a majority of electoral votes. So he felt like the will of people was ignored. Campaigning started already for the next election. Here are some of dirty campaigning: Campaigning started already for the next election. Here are some of dirty campaigning: Jackson supporters attacked President John Quincy Adams for bringing in a billiard table and chess set into the White House saying he was turning the White House into “a den of gambling!” Jackson supporters attacked President John Quincy Adams for bringing in a billiard table and chess set into the White House saying he was turning the White House into “a den of gambling!” Adams supporters claimed Jackson was a murderer (he participated in duels), a slave-trader, a bigamist, and called his mother a prostitute brought to America by British soldiers! Adams supporters claimed Jackson was a murderer (he participated in duels), a slave-trader, a bigamist, and called his mother a prostitute brought to America by British soldiers!

ELECTION OF 1824 John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson were from the same political party, the Democrat-Republicans, but with all this tension, the party split into two new political parties. John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson were from the same political party, the Democrat-Republicans, but with all this tension, the party split into two new political parties.

Democratic- Republicans split into two new political parties Democrats supported Andrew Jackson Claimed to represent the “common man” Claimed John Quincy Adams represented the privileged, wealthy Easterners National Republicans supported John Quincy Adams

1828 ELECTION Nasty campaigning took place during this election as well. Nasty campaigning took place during this election as well. Here’s a diddy about Andrew Jackson: Here’s a diddy about Andrew Jackson: Oh Andy! Oh Andy! How many have you hanged in your life? How many weddings make a wife? Oh Andy! Oh Andy! How many have you hanged in your life? How many weddings make a wife? Andrew Jackson’s wife Rachel took these attacks very personally and actually died of a heart attack shortly after the election. Jackson blamed the cause of her death on the attacks of her reputation. Andrew Jackson’s wife Rachel took these attacks very personally and actually died of a heart attack shortly after the election. Jackson blamed the cause of her death on the attacks of her reputation.

ELECTION OF 1828 VOTER 58% Voter turnout in the 1828 election (58%) was twice as high as in 1824 (27%) Voter turnout in the 1828 election (58%) was twice as high as in 1824 (27%) Who do you think won??? Who do you think won???

JACKSON WINS Jackson 178 Electoral VotesBecomes President Adams 83 Electoral Votes Returned to Massachusetts and was elected to Congress (only President elected to Congress after serving as President)

REVIEW: KEY QUESTION What political divisions appeared during the election of 1824? What political divisions appeared during the election of 1824? Think About: Nation’s regions supported different presidential candidates. Jackson won popular vote, but not the electoral vote House chose Adams as President Democratic-Republican party split into Democrats and National Republican Nasty campaigning and personal attacks

JACKSON REDEFINES “DEMOCRACY” Key Question: How did American democracy change during Jackson’s presidency? Key Question: How did American democracy change during Jackson’s presidency?

JACKSON REDEFINES “DEMOCRACY” During Jackson’s campaign he promised to look out for the interests of the common people and supported majority rule. During Jackson’s campaign he promised to look out for the interests of the common people and supported majority rule. No longer did he want the government to be controlled by a powerful educated elite. No longer did he want the government to be controlled by a powerful educated elite. This idea of power to more to the people and ensuring majority rule became known as Jacksonian democracy. This idea of power to more to the people and ensuring majority rule became known as Jacksonian democracy.

JACKSON REDEFINES “DEMOCRACY” When Jackson won, the common people celebrated When Jackson won, the common people celebrated Thousands of people attended Jackson’s inauguration and the reception to celebrate afterwards Thousands of people attended Jackson’s inauguration and the reception to celebrate afterwards The crowds were ROWDY…people rushed in to get food and trying to meet President Jackson created a riot. The crowds were ROWDY…people rushed in to get food and trying to meet President Jackson created a riot. Picture this: Fancy dishes were broken, glasses smashed everywhere Picture this: Fancy dishes were broken, glasses smashed everywhere Elites looked on in astonishment….What just happened to the White House! Elites looked on in astonishment….What just happened to the White House!

JACKSON REDEFINES “DEMOCRACY” Jackson promised to change Washington during his campaign. Jackson promised to change Washington during his campaign. He started by firing government officials He started by firing government officials and giving those jobs to his supporters. This was called the spoils system. Jackson claimed it broke up one group’s hold on government and allowed for new fresh ideas. Others claimed it showed that in order to hold a government job, you didn’t have to be experienced or qualified, you just had to be a campaign worker or supporter. What’s your opinion?

KEY QUESTION REVIEW How did American democracy change during Jackson’s presidency? How did American democracy change during Jackson’s presidency? Think About: Jackson’s win hailed as victory for common people Thousands at inauguration Established the spoils system

RISING SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES Key Question: How did economic issues increase sectional tensions? Key Question: How did economic issues increase sectional tensions?

RISING SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES Sale of Public Land: In 1920 Congress dropped the minimum amount of land required to be purchased down to 80 acres, at $1.25 per acre. Westerners & Southerners Westerners were happy with this since cheaper land would encourage people to settle in the West and therefore give them more political power. Southerners also wanted land to expand cotton plantations. Northerners Northerners did not like this because they wanted to get as much money as they could from the sale of the land. Also Northerners wanted people to stay to work in their factories and not move west.

RISING SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES Internal Improvements Better transportation routes were needed to help bring food and raw materials to the Northeast and manufactured goods from the Northeast to the West. Northerners & Westerners Supported this since they would benefit from new goods and transportation routes. Southerners Southerners did not want to spend government money on these projects because they were paid for through tariffs.

RISING SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES Tariffs: Tariffs are taxes that made imported goods more expensive than American made goods. The idea is if foreign goods were expensive, then more people would by American goods Northerners Northerners supported tariffs because the American goods were made in Northern factories. Southerners Southerners did not support tariffs because they are the ones who had to pay these taxes. (They traded cotton with England.) Southerners were mad because the tariffs they had to pay hurt the South, yet helped the North to pay for the internal improvements. It wasn’t fair!

RISING SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES OVERVIEW Wanted Western lands sold at higher prices Supported federal spending on internal improvements Supported high tariffs Northeasterners Wanted Western lands sold at low prices Opposed federal spending on internal improvements Opposed rising tariffs Southerners Wanted Western lands sold at low prices Supported federal spending on internal improvements Westerners

KEY QUESTION REVIEW How did economic issues increase sectional tension? How did economic issues increase sectional tension? Think About: Three issues pitted regions against each other Sale of Public Lands in West Internal Improvements Tariffs

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT VS. THE STATE Key Question: What issues were at stake in the debate over states’ rights? Key Question: What issues were at stake in the debate over states’ rights?

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT VS. THE STATE The The tariff issue raised the question of balance of powers between the states and the federal government in Washington, D.C. Some supported a strong federal government. Others supported states rights, the rights of the states to make decisions without interference from the federal government.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT VS. THE STATE States Rights Strong Federal Government

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT VS. THE STATE In 1828 congress passed a bill that raised tariffs. How do you think this made Southerners feel? This issue put tension between President Jackson and Vice-President Calhoun. Vice President Calhoun was from the South, (South Carolina), and the south did not support tariffs. They called this new tariff the Tariff of Abominations. (An abomination is a hateful thing. ) They felt as though the North was getting whatever they wanted. The South even talked about seceding from (leaving) the United States to become their own country!!!

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT VS. STATE Vice President Calhoun did not want to leave the U.S., so he instead called for the doctrine of nullification. He said a state had the right to nullify, or reject, a federal law that it considered unconstitutional. Take a moment and think about the effects of this…. Take a moment and think about the effects of this…. What could happen if a state could reject a federal law if they didn’t like it??? What could happen if a state could reject a federal law if they didn’t like it???

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT VS. THE STATE Now President Jackson did ask Congress to lower the tariffs and they did so in 1832, but it was not enough for South Carolina and they nullified the tariff acts of 1828 and 1832 and voted to build their own army. They said if the federal government tried collecting the tariffs they would secede, leave the U.S.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT VS. STATE States Rights-Southerners said nullification was a way to allow states to protest and maintain their freedom. Strong Federal Government- Those against nullification said if states could vote to reject a federal law it would probably break apart the Union. The issue of nullification was a big deal during this time!

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT VS. STATE Vice President Calhoun supported nullification. President Jackson did NOT support nullification President Jackson and Vice President Calhoun became political enemies.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT VS. THE STATE In 1832 Jackson ran again for President and did not have Calhoun as his running mate. After he won the election he made it clear that he would use force to make sure federal laws were obeyed. No more of this nullification talk! To try to smooth things over, Henry Clay developed a compromise. The tariffs would be lowered by 10%. Congress passed it and South Carolina accepted it. The crisis was over and South Carolina remained part of the United States.

KEY QUESTION REVIEW Key Question: Key Question: What issues were at stake in the debate over states’ rights? Think About: People divided over issue of states’ rights South felt Northeast set policy; Calhoun saw nullification as solution Jackson worked to preserve the Union; Clay offered compromise