What was Scotland like in 1286?

Background: Was Scotland great in 1286? Who was in charge? 1.Scotland : Who should be the next king? 2. John Balliol Vs Edward I  Anglo-French war  Franco-Scottish Treaty  defeat of Scotland 3. Who led Scots resistance?  William Wallace AND Andrew Murray;  Battles: Stirling & Falkirk 4. How did Bruce triumph?  Ambitions, defeating Scots, defeating English  Securing himself: Declaration of Arbroath; Treaties of Edinburgh/Northampton,1328.

What are the main changes in the British history course? 1. What is the word for giving people the vote Half of the population got the vote in who? 3. Liberal Reforms – what introduced Russian history has 3 revolutions: when were they? 4. 19__ 5. ___ What is the name of the old king / leader of Russia? Wars of Independence between Scotland and England 7. When did problems start? 8. Who were the 3 kings we’ll study? 9. Give 3 leaders of Scottish resistance 10. When did Scotland get its independence?

 Processing information helps you remember it  Summaries are easier to revise from

 Read p 85 of MacPhee ‘Scottish wars of Independence’  Copy first 11 lines  As fast as you can  While you’re doing it answer my questions on Taylor Swift

 Cross out unimportant words  Highlight 6 key facts  = names, dates, numbers, words  Choose an organiser that suits you (big point, little point, mindmap, table, questions)  Summarise facts into 6 bullet-points, using your own words  Write a heading of 4-5 words

 The Treaty of Edinburgh in 1328 did not end the Scottish Wars of Independence. Edward III was always of the opinion that he was not really bound by that Treaty of Edinburgh as it was his mother who had signed it. Further attempts by England to assert its control over Scotland followed. As invasion was followed by counter attack, Edward III must have thought history was repeating itself. Again and again he had to intervene in Scottish affairs just as his father and grandfather had done. There were to be no more Bannockburns but Scotland retained its independence. The relationship between Scotland and England was never easy, even up until the Union of Parliaments in 1707.

1. When did the Treaty of Edinburgh supposedly end the Wars of Independence? 2. Which English king didn’t agree with it? 3. Why not? 4. What continued to happen? 5. When were England and Scotland united?

 What did you learn from the video  Summarise it using your note – taking skills

Make a list of the top most important people Agree an order for them Explain why 1 is more important And why 1 is less important For example: 5/Who-do-children-think-are-the-most-important-people-in- Britain.html 5/Who-do-children-think-are-the-most-important-people-in- Britain.html owerful_People owerful_People

very rigidly structured. Top = monarch = king / queen noblemen = landowners= barons, earls and lords. Knights = fighters peasants = 95% of population = farmers + the church! + feudalism

very... Top =... noblemen =. Knights =. peasants = ___% of population = farmers + the church! + feudalism

Peasants Knights Nobles King God God chooses & protects king, Who chooses & protects nobles Who chooses & protects knights Aim = Heaven Protection Feudalism = Honour and reward system

Very little law / safety Knights = most powerful weapon But knights incredibly expensive o Horses o Armour o training So to pay for them land was loaned, in return for knights and homage Homage = promise to God to support your overlord = in return overlord promises to give you land and protection We call this ‘feudalism’

Very little law / safety Knights = But knights incredibly expensive (x 3 reasons) So to pay for them ____ was loaned, in return for knights and ________ _______= promise to God to support your overlord = in return overlord promises to give you land and protection Called = f_________

Meet Bishop Wishart Of Glasgow One of the most important characters... Why?

What happens after you die?

Heaven = happiness forever Hell = eternal misery Church = way to heaven (if you do what you’re told) Rowan Atkinson Welcome to HELL So... Catholic Church = Followed by everyone in Europe Very rich Very powerful Not questioned Pope in charge... Even over kings

Heaven = Hell = Church = So... Catholic Church = Followed by everyone in Europe Very rich Very powerful Not questioned ____ in charge... Even over kings

People Priests Bishops God Good works = Do good deeds and go to heaven Purgatory= Pray hard- gets you to heaven Aim = Salvation = Heaven Where do Kings fit in? Power over belief vs power over the world / actions Archbishop Pope

Essentially we will be focusing on the top groups in society and the things that were important to them. LAND = WEALTH & MILITARY POWER TITLE =SOCIAL POSITION, RIGHTS & POLITICAL POWER FAMILY = LOYALTYINHERITANCE ALLIES RELIGION = SALVATION & PLACE IN HEAVEN Most of the nobility and higher clergy were of Anglo – Norman descent and had been granted lands and titles by Scottish Kings.

Empty! marshes and dense forests. Few roads or bridges. Even short journeys could take days. Population 250,000 Largest towns (burghs) 5- 15,000 people = Newbattle Highlands almost like a separate country. Very difficult to take an army there so clan chiefs did as they pleased. No settled border between Scotland and England.

Population... Largest towns (_____) 5- 15,000 people = Newbattle Highlands... No settled border between...

Scots and English fought over borderlands Eg Scots David I conquored Northumbria / Cumbria Eg English got it back 1237 William the Lion accepted English overlords 1174 Treaty of Falaise But released 1189 in return for £££ Alexander III refused to do homage for Scotland 1278

Scots and English fought over borderlands Eg Scots David I conquored... Eg English got it back... William the Lion accepted English overlords 1174 Treaty of.... But released ______ in return for.... ________refused to do ____ for Scotland 1278

Sketch a graph to show the change in Scotland’s strength against England 10/10 = totally independent1/10 = totally under English control Use p 4-5 of MacPhee Include the following dates and events: Malcolm III 1072, William the Lion 1174, 1189, David I 1210, 1237, 1260, 1268, 1278

Pope > Archbishop > Bishop > priests > people But Scotland had no archbishop So English Archbishop of York claimed control 1192 Scots Bishops got direct control from Pope, no York So also wanted separate Scottish king

Pope > > > > But Scotland had no archbishop So English Archbishop of ____ claimed control ____ Scots Bishops got direct control from Pope, no York So also wanted separate Scottish king

Historians argue whether Scots felt Scottish Did Nobles want to make themselves rich? Or did they also want to help Scotland be strong? Eg Robert Bruce was rich... Held lands in England and Scotland So who did he fight for? Himself, or Scotland, or England?

Historians argue whether Scots felt Scottish Did Nobles want to make themselves rich? Or did they also want to help Scotland be strong? Eg _____was rich... Held lands in England and Scotland

What was Scotland like? Was it a ‘Golden Age’ under Alexander III? History of Scotland Neil Oliver episode 1 up to 994 History of Scotland Alex III to Edward Watch the video and make a summary of Scottish History History of Scotland Wallace and Bruce

 Alexander I led army aged 14  1230 Alexander II child murdered – because she’s a threat to the throne  Dad died became king when 16  1249 Alex died  Alex III married to king of England’s daughter – but she died...  Alexander III – died fell off cliff- was off to see his new wife...no-one to take throne  1290 Queen Margaret died- last heir = person to rule Scotland

Golden age= perfect time to live Make a list of the things that make up your perfect country...

What makes a golden age? Or a great king? Wealth? Happiness? Land controlled? Strong ruler? Military victories? Heir? (look at p6) Task: read p1-2 of MacPhee- find evidence under these headings of a golden age

Wealth: burghs doing well trading eg Berwick, Aberdeen, Glasgow Happiness? Barrow “a golden age” Land controlled? Orkney, Man, Hebrides Strong ruler? Alexander III Military victories? Defeated Norway at Largs Heir? No... Task: read p1-2 of MacPhee- find evidence under these headings of a golden age

Make a table and take notes YESNO Wealth? Happiness? Land controlled? Strong ruler? Military victories? Heir? Independence?

Introduction? Context List main reasons Choose key factor Structure? Paragraphs? Statement Example Explain Link Analyse Conclude Most important because Less important because Information facts

What...You must...For example... Introduction /2 marks  give context  list main reasons (Statements start each paragraph)  choose main 1 "Q is important because..." "There were 5 main factors..." "This essay will argue the most important was..." Knowledge (N5) /6 marks  give relevant Examples = names, dates, numbers Analysis / 6 marks  EXPlain each example "this was important because..." Evaluation / 4 marks  build line of argument in each paragraph  balance alternatives  rank factor compared to other reasons X is more important because it caused Y by... (relative rank) X is not a sufficient explanation for... because... X was the catalyst for Y... If X hadn't happened then Y.... Conclusion (N5) / 2 marks TOTAL / 20 marks  explain main reason  explain why others less important  overall conclusion See above: relative rank, catalyst, counterfactuals, links “the main reasons were... because “x is less important because... “overall y is most important because