APEH 13 Two paths to political power, oh yeah, and the Netherlands, Russia, and Ottomans too.

The Overview Key Ideas: – Europe (Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, and Russia) dominated politically, socially, militarily, and economically from the 17 th century to the end of World War I. – Within Europe, France and Britain emerge as the dominant powers, while the Netherlands, Spain, the Ottomans, Poland, and Portugal began to fall.

Analysis Who? Given Where? Given When? Given What? Why? As you view the images please try to piece together the parts of analysis that are missing by writing a brief statement that addresses each prompt. Think political, social, religious and economic, technological.

The Netherlands 17 th and 18 th centuries Dutch East India Company anchored in Amsterdam, 1599.

When? Where? Republic of The Netherlands-17 th century

Who? Powerful Stadholder of Holland- William III (future King of England)

The Netherlands Successfully revolted against Spain (16 th century) 1672-Under the guidance of William III of Orange (Future King of England)-Stadtholder of Holland. Provinces autonomous but (States General) will follow Holland if necessary. (safe to assume politically decentralized) Calvinist but religiously tolerant. (successful) Most wealth came from urban centers. – Shipping and shipping supply industry – Trade and finance – Overseas commercial empire – Fishing industry (Dried for the rest of Europe) – Manufacturing

Decline of the Netherlands 18 th century William III-died 1702 Provinces prevent the rise of another powerful stadholder. Britain took over as the “naval power”. Fishing industry declined Lost their technological edge. They did maintain their dominance of the banking industry and through the Amsterdam stock exchange.

Politics 17 th -18 th centuries Parliamentary Monarchy: – The form of limited or constitutional monarchy set up in Britain after the Glorious Revolution of 1689 in which the monarch was subject to the law and ruled by the consent of people. Absolutism – Term applied to strong centralized continental monarchies that attempted to make royal power dominant over aristocracies and other regional authorities. All governments had to deal with the rising cost of warfare.

The Stuart Monarchs James I ( ) Charles I ( ) Charles II ( ) James II ( )

The Bourbon Monarchy Henry IV ( ) Louis XIII-( )Louis XIV ( )

Divine Right of Kings Monarchs are not subject to earthly authority, including the will of the people or any other body of government. They derive the right to rule from the will of God. Bishop Jacques Bossuet-Politics Drawn for the Very Words of the Holy Scripture (published 1709). Thomas Hobbes-Leviathan (1651)

James VI or James I? -First of the Stuart Kings-Son of Mary Queen of Scots. King of Scotland (James VI) then King of England (James I) 1603 Trew Law for Free Monarchs –Divine Right of Kings 1604-Peace with “Catholic” Spain. Impositions-Taxes imposed without Parliament’s consent. Tried to suppress laws against Catholics but failed Calvinists (Puritans)-want more control over their churches. At the Hampton Court Conference-James said no, the Anglican church will remain the same Dissenters leave for Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony to escape persecution. Scandal and corruption-governed by favorites. Duke of Buckingham controlled patronage. What, Sports on Sunday? No, Not in England.

James VI-A Trew Law for Free Monarchies (1598) “The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth: for Kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God Himself they are called gods. As to dispute what God may do is blasphemy, so it is sedition in subjects to dispute what King may do in height of his power. I will not be content that my power be disputed on.”

Written response: Compare-Based on our discussion of James I and your reading assignment on Charles I ( ), compare the two monarchs by discussing their policies, practices and relationship with Parliament.

Charles I ( ) Forced Loans Quartering of Troops 1628 War with Spain 1628-Petition of Right-Failure for Parliament 1629 Parliament Dissolved Peace with Spain and France 1633-Archbishop Laud and Thomas Wentworth 1634-Ship money 1640-Scots Invade England 1640-Short Parliament (April-May) 1640-Long Parliament 1640-Strafford and Laud impeached by the Commons 1641-Strafford and (1645) Laud executed by Parliament Parliament asked to raise funds for war-They refuse-move toward abolishing royal offices Charles moves to arrest Parliament Members 1641-Parliament refuses to allow arrests 1641-Grand Remonstrance

The English Civil War CromwellCharles I

English Civil War: Causes James I and Charles I-Believed in the Divine Right of Kings. Desire to rule without Parliament- Charles was successful. Extra-parliamentary taxation-impositions, forced loans, ship money. Power of Parliament Religion-both kings had suspicions of favoring Catholicism-Peace with Spain. Relationship with France. Puritans resisted uniformity under the Anglican Church.

Start of the Civil War 1641-Grand Remonstrance-Last chance for Charles to answer to Parliament’s grievances Charles attempted to arrest members of Parliament Charles goes to the north of England to raise an army Militia Ordinance-Parliament agreed to raise an army against the king.

Parliamentary Forces-The Roundheads Earl of Manchester-”If we beat the King ninety- nine times, he is still the King, but if the King defeats us, we shall be hanged.” Interpretation?

Course of the War 1645-Led by Cromwell the New Model Army made up of paid Puritan soldiers replaced the aristocratic army under Manchester King’s army defeated Charles I put on trial for treason and executed by Cromwell and the Rump Parliament England is a Puritan military dictatorship under Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell.

An England without a King…