Biomass Feedstock Logistics Sam Tagore, Technology Manager Department of Energy Biomass Program Feedstocks Platform Review April 7-8, 2011

Feedstock Logistics - Cost Goals (MYPP) Reduce handling & logistics cost of a model dry herbaceous feedstock (i.e., corn stover) for biochemical conversion plant to $0.39 per gal of ethanol – app. $35/DT in 2007 $ by 2012 (matured production cost of ethanol is estimated as $1.76/gal by 2012) Achieve same cost goals for a broader range of herbaceous feedstocks by 2017 For woody feedstocks the cost goal for harvest to gasification plant- gate is $0.49 per gal of ethanol – equiv. to $35/DT in 2007 $ by 2012 Achieve same cost goals for a wider range of woody feedstocks by 2017

Feedstock Logistics – Volumetric Goals (MYPP) Logistics for feedstock handling systems shall enable supply of 130 million DT/yr by 2012 to biofuels conversion plants 250 million DT/yr by 2017

2011 Feedstock Platform Review4 Feedstock Technical Challenges and Barriers Sustainable harvest Feedstock quality and quantity Storage systems Moisture issues – drying / stabilization Biomass material characterization Commoditization / uniform format Biomass physical state alteration Grinding, densification, blending Biomass material handling and transportation Overall integration – modeling / analysis From DOE Biomass Program Multi-Year Program Plan (2010)

2011 Feedstock Platform Review5 Feedstock Interface Boundary Handling & Queuing at the Biorefinery Harvest & Collection StoragePreprocessingTransportation Equipment Capacity Compositional Impacts Pretreatment Impacts Shrinkage Compositional Impacts Pretreatment Impacts Soluble Sugar Capture Equipment Capacity Equipment Efficiency Material Bulk Density Compositional Impacts Pretreatment Impacts Truck Capacity Loading compaction Loading efficiencies Handling efficiencies Handling compaction Material Bulk Properties Resource Assessment Biomass Production Agricultural Resources: Forest Resources: Biomass Conversion: Biochemical Thermochemical Addressing Feedstock Logistics Challenges: Research and Demonstration Active feedstock logistics research programs at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Many collaborators in industry, USDA, and universities Competitive SunGrant Initiative logistics projects SBIR logistics projects Logistics Modelling and Analysis

2011 Feedstock Platform Review6 Today’s Projects – DOE Labs – INL/ORNL Project TitlePresenterLaboratory Supply Chain AnalysisJake JacobsonIdaho National Laboratory Feedstock Supply System LogisticsErin WebbORNL Engineering & Fundamentals: Harvest, Collection and Storage Kevin KenneyIdaho National Laboratory Break Engineering & Fundamentals: Preprocessing, Handling, and Transportation Christopher WrightIdaho National Laboratory Deployable Process Demonstration Unit Richard HessIdaho National Laboratory Analysis IntegrationDavid MuthIdaho National Laboratory China – Biomass Production and Supply Logisitics Christopher WrightIdaho National Laboratory

2011 Feedstock Platform Review7 On-going Challenges Need to develop and validate large-scale cost- effective feedstock supply systems (see tomorrow’s industrial partners’ presentations) DOE Labs & Universities work on a wide range of problems and R&D issues; industrial partners work with specific feedstocks, equipment and systems The objective is to get the two groups to function together to cross-pollinate ideas and to demonstrate systems using the best science, methods and effective equipment

Additional Slides 2011 Feedstock Platform Review8

Sun Grant Initiative Logistics Projects 2011 Feedstock Platform Review9 Project TitleLocation Optimizing the Logistics of a Mobile Fast Pyrolysis System for Sustainable Bio-crude Oil Production Texas A&M University Prioritizing Corn Harvest and Biomass Collection ActivitiesNorth Dakota State University Landscape Scale Lignocellulosic Biomass Production, Economics and Environmental Quality South Dakota State University In-field Cubing of Cellulosic BiomassUniversity of Wisconsin Evaluation of In-field Corn Stover Densification and Interaction with Storage Quality, Logistics, and Production Costs Iowa State University The Logistics of Herbaceous Residue-Based Ethanol Production under Uncertainty Kansas State University Improving Handling Characteristics of Herbaceous BiomassUniversity of Minnesota Transforming and Densifying Biomass in Regional Biomass Processing Centers South Dakota State University

SBIR Logistics Projects Project TitleFeedstocksLocation Development of a Biomass Blending and Densification System - biomass preprocessing crop residue, switchgrass San Jose, CA Efficient Biomass Format for Least-Cost Logistics - biomass preprocessing and materials characterization forest and woody biomass Auburn, WA 2011 Feedstock Platform Review10

Biomass Feedstock Logistics Sam Tagore, Technology Manager Department of Energy Biomass Program Feedstocks Platform Review April 8, Feedstock Platform Review

12 Addressing Feedstock Logistics Challenges: Research Feedstock Interface Boundary Biomass Conversion Biochemical Thermochemical Partnering with industry, universities, and other OBP platforms Harvest & collection StoragePreprocessingTransportation Biomass Resources Agricultural Forest Energy Crops Partnering with DOE labs, industry, univrsities, regional partnerships, USDA Handling & queuing at biorefinery Logistics modeling and analysis Active feedstock logistics research programs at Idaho National Lab (INL) and Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) Five high-tonnage biomass logistics demonstration projects awarded Many collaborators in industry, USDA, universities

Industrial Partnership Projects for High Tonnage Supply System Development Project TitlePresenterPartner Integration of Advanced Logistical Systems and Focused Bioenergy Harvesting Technologies to Supply Crop Residues and Energy Crops in a Densified Large Square Bale Format Maynard Herron AGCO CORPORATION Design and Demonstration of an Advanced Agricultural Feedstock Supply System for Lignocellulosic Bioenergy Production Fred CircleFDC Development of a Bulk-Format System to Harvest, Handle, Store, and Deliver High-Tonnage Low-Moisture Switchgrass Feedstock Alvin Womac University of Tennessee Development and Deployment of a Short Rotation Woody Crops Harvesting System Based on a Case New Holland Forage Harvester and SRC Woody Crop Header Timothy VolkSUNY ESF High Tonnage Forest Biomass Production Systems from Southern Pine Energy Plantations Steven Taylor Auburn Break 2011 Feedstock Platform Review13

2011 Feedstock Platform Review14 Objectives To develop and validate large-scale supply systems to handle various feedstocks (both woody and herbaceous) and guide towards meeting DOE cost reduction goals. Industrial partners working on specific equipment and systems are expected to develop pioneering systems showing real advances in equipment, processes, etc. Develop data and analyses that display the validation of these systems and the progress achieved such that researchers and developers can move forward from this point as these projects are completed in about 2-3 years.

Today’s Projects – Late Morning Project TitlePresenterPartner Break South Dakota State University, Sun Grant Initiative/DOE Regional Biomass Feedstock Development Partnership Competitive Grants Jim DoolittleSun Grant - South Dakota State University High-Yield Feedstock and Biomass Conversion Technology for Renewable Energy and Economic Development Andrew Hashimoto University of Hawaii Genetic Improvement of Switchgrass, BiomassAlbert KauschUniversity of Rhode Island BioenergyAlliance High-Tonnage Bioenergy Crop Production and Conversion into Conventional Fuels Bob AvantTexas AgriLife Research Forestry Biofuel Statewide Collaboration Center (MI)Donna LaCourtMI Economic Development Corp Saint Joseph's University Institute for Environmental StewardshipClint SpringerSaint Joseph’s University Biorefinery Development Using Multiple FeedstocksDon DayLouisiana State University: Agriculture Center Sweet Sorghum Alternative Fuel and Feed Pilot ProjectDonald SlackUniversity of Arizona Second Generation Biofuels: Carbon Sequestration and Life Cycle AnalysisAdam LiskaUniversity of Nebraska- Lincoln Alternative Crops and Biofuel ProductionPhilip KenkelOklahoma State University 2011 Feedstock Platform Review15