Students will define the vocabulary associated with Chapter 4.3 Wednesday, October 9, 2013

Bell Ringer Define: Pages Age of Pericles Direct democracy Ostracism Xerxes

Period of classical Athenian and Greek history which saw the height of Athenian power and brilliance. Age of Pericles

A system of government in which every male citizen participates directly in government decision making though mass meetings. Direct Democracy (in ancient Greece)

(in ancient Greece) temporary banishment from a city by popular vote. Helped protect against ambitious politicians considered to be harmful. Ostracism

Persian Monarch famous for leading the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE. Son of Darius I Xerxes

The Challenge of Persia Greek expansion eventually causes them to come in contact with the PERSIAN Empire to the East. The IONIAN Greek cities in western Asia Minor were lost to the Persian Empire in the mid-sixth century. - In 499 B.C. these cities led a REVOLT against the Persians with the help of the ATHENIAN Navy This unsuccessful revolt led the Persian King DARIUS to seek revenge on ATHENIANS.

Darius Attacks “ Sire, Remember the Athenians” In 490 B.C. the Persians landed on the plain of MARATHON - Marathon was 25 miles from Athens. - The Athenians were outnumbered - Athens ATTACKED and DEFEATED the Persians The Persians returned to Asia and Pheidippides raced from MARATHON to ATHENS (25 miles) and with his last breath announced “Victory, We Win,” before dropping dead. - Today’s MARATHON race is based on this heroic story. This was a minor defeat for Persia, but it gave the Athenians new CONFIDENCE in their city-state.

Xerxes Became the new Persian MONARCH. He planned to get revenge on the loss his father suffered at Marathon. In preparation for the attack, the GREEK states formed a defensive league under the SPARTANS. - The Athenians however followed a new military policy. o Navy = fleet of 200 vessels. Xerxes Forces: - 180,000 troops - Thousands of vessels

300 Spartans Vs. Persians Xerxes led invasion into Greece 300 Greek soldiers Defend against 7,000 Persians Traitor tipped Persians off Months after Greek defeat Greeks formed largest Greek army of the time to defeat the Persians.

The Athenian Empire After the Persians were defeated Athens took leadership of the entire Greek world. Delian League- Defensive alliance against the Persians.

The Great Peloponnesian War Greek world became divided Athenian Empire Vs. Sparta Disputes of different societies led to the Peloponnesian war

Athenians Strategy Planned to remain behind their cities protective walls Athenians had a better navy Receive supplies from their navy

Spartans Strategy Surrounded Athens Better Army Beat Athenians in open battles Plague broke out in Athens

End of the War War lasted another 25 years after Pericles (Athenian politician) died from the plague. Athenians lost after the battle of Aegospotami on the Hellespont. Athens surrendered Athenian empire destroyed

Directions 1. Complete Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizer on Persians and Athenians 2. Reading Check Questions (pp ) 3. Work on Study guide when finished