MENA3100, 27/1-09, OBK X-ray diffractionXRD Røntgendiffraksjon Single crystalPowder.

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Presentation transcript:

MENA3100, 27/1-09, OBK X-ray diffractionXRD Røntgendiffraksjon Single crystalPowder

Diffraction

Crystal Atomic arrangementLattice

X-ray diffraction Need X-rays Brehmsstrahlung = white radiation Characteristic X-rays Wavelenght CuK  1 = Å MoK  1 = Å CuK  1 = Å CuK  2 = Å CuK  = Å I(CuK  1 ) = 2·I(CuK  2 )

Need sample Single crystal Powder

Need experimental setup Diffractometer Bragg-Brentano geometry (Primary monochromator) (Secondary monochromator)

Want monochromatic radiation Brehmsstrahlung = white radiation Characteristic X-rays Monochromators: Many possibilities

Euclid, The Elements (300 B.C.) Proposition 21, Book III: The angles in the same segment of a circle are equal to another Johansson monochromator

Bragg-Brentano geometry The source S can be:

Need detector … Need some slits … S Sample Fixed slits: Smaler area at high angle  Smaller area at high angles Variable slits: Same area at all angles

The experiment Got some crystals Want a powder Gets lot of small crystals

Want powder Random orientation

The result The diffractogram Quartz (Don’t call it spectrum)

Why?

Identification PDF = JCPDS

Indexing

Lattice dimensions

Strain Particle size

Fluorescens

CuK  1 = Å CuK  2 = Å Primary and secondary monochromators

Rietveld refinement