Gender into NDS/PRSP

Gender profile  19,7% of households are headed by a women (in ,6%)  MICS 2005: Net attendance ratio, secondary school: girls-72,7%; boys -88   2002: Ministry of education conducted monitoring of education: – 57% of parents responded that it is most important to give education to boys, not girls - 40% of girls are sure that education doesn’t influence to success in their life  2003: the dropout rate was twice as high among girls than boys in rural areas and three times as high in urban areas.  TLLS 2003: - in 20% of poorest households boys and girls have the equal limitations in access to high education; - in households with high income boys more often receive high education in comparison with girls  WB, 2003: the maternal mortality rate was 120 per 100,000 live births and in some regions this indicator ranged from to per 100,000 live births.  MICS 2005: the infant mortality rate is 65 per 1000 live births, and under-five mortality rate – 79 per 100,000 live births.  2006: share of female students in universities – 26,8%

National development policy has to incorporate commitments made with regard of provision of basic human rights and equality Key instruments: - Constitution of RT (guarantees equal rights and opportunities) - Law on equal rights and opportunities - State programmes on gender equality - International HR agreements adopted by Tajikistan: - International Covenant of civil and political rights - International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights - Convention on Rights of Child - Convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination against women

February 2007, 37 th session of the CEDAW Committee CEDAW Committee is concerned about:  High dropout rates of girls  Sharp decline in the enrollment of girls at the secondary school level and a low enrollment of female students in institutes of higher education  The limited access to adequate heath care services for women, especially women in rural areas  The high maternal and infant mortality rates, the low contraceptive prevalence rate and the reported lack of knowledge of young girls about HIV/AIDS  That the legal age of marriage in Tajikistan has been reduced to 17

CEDAW Committee recommends:  To address the obstacles effectively which prevent girls from attending school or continuing their education  To take special measures to allow girls and women who have dropped out of school to re-enter the education system in an age-appropriate classroom environment  To promote widely family planning and reproductive heath education to targeted at girls and boys with a special attention to the prevention of early pregnancies of girls in underage marriages and the control of STDs and HIV/AIDS  To revert to 18 years as the minimum legal age of marriage for women and men in line with the Convention of the Rights of the Child.

UN Committee on economic, social and cultural rights recommends: To integrate economic, social and cultural rights into PRS and ensure that international human rights obligations are fully observed within technical cooperation and other arrangements with international organizations To integrate economic, social and cultural rights into PRS and ensure that international human rights obligations are fully observed within technical cooperation and other arrangements with international organizations To improve access to sexual and reproductive health services, including hygienic conditions in hospitals, pre- and post-natal care and emergency obstetric services To improve access to sexual and reproductive health services, including hygienic conditions in hospitals, pre- and post-natal care and emergency obstetric services To allocate greater human and financial resources to implement effectively the equal right of everyone to education To allocate greater human and financial resources to implement effectively the equal right of everyone to education To eliminate persisting discrimination on the grounds of gender in the field of access to education To eliminate persisting discrimination on the grounds of gender in the field of access to education To develop indicators and benchmarks on an annual basis, disaggregated by gender, age, urban-rural population and ethnic background to specifically assess the needs of disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups To develop indicators and benchmarks on an annual basis, disaggregated by gender, age, urban-rural population and ethnic background to specifically assess the needs of disadvantaged and marginalized individuals and groups

November 2006, UN Committee on economic, social and cultural rights is concerned about: Number of children drop out of school and take up work, especially in the informal sector Number of children drop out of school and take up work, especially in the informal sector Many of these children work in hazardous conditions harmful to their health and are exposed to various forms of violence Many of these children work in hazardous conditions harmful to their health and are exposed to various forms of violence High mortality rate of children and mothers and the decrease in life expectancy High mortality rate of children and mothers and the decrease in life expectancy Sharp decline in attendance rates at primary and secondary schools, especially with regard to girls, children living in rural areas, children belonging to national minorities and children with disabilitiesSharp decline in attendance rates at primary and secondary schools, especially with regard to girls, children living in rural areas, children belonging to national minorities and children with disabilities

Key findings of gender analysis of PRSP: Education - Education policy within PRPS includes the following tasks: - Improvement of management system - Increasing of efficiency of resources used - Improvement of methodological and human resources systems in education sector - Improvement of access of girls and boys and children form vulnerable families to education - Improvement of physical infrastructure - Measures identified within PRSP are relevant to attendance at primary school level where there is no gender gap - Lack of adequate measures on equal access to secondary school where gender gap appears Conclusion: Improvement of gender sensitivity of education system has to become one of its objectives

Key findings of gender analysis of PRSP: Education - Focus is made at measures with economic character and it will result to improvement of attendance rates, however, measures are not enough to ensure gender equality - Choice of households in regard of education for their children is different and depends on the level of living standards, education of parents, sex of their children - Low level of mother’s education is key factor determinative in regard of low level of girl’s education Conclusion: There is a need for special measures addressing gender related needs

Key findings of gender analysis of PRSP: Education Additional measures are recommended: - public awareness campaigns to combat negative stereotypes in regard of education of girls - development of system of pre-school education - concrete measures to overcome regional/districts' differences with regard of attendance and drop-out rates per gender - regular monitoring of implementation of quota - provide stipendium for girls to stimulate their education on perspective specialties - within the secondary education to provide training on skills and knowledge to prepare youth for participation in labour market

Key findings of gender analysis of PRSP: Health - Health policy within PRSP includes the following tasks: - decreasing of maternity and infant mortality rates; - decreasing of epidemics of infectious diseases - What is not addressed by PRSP: - improvement of statistics on maternity and infant mortality rates - fee-paying registration of births - record of infant mortality in home delivery - linkages between a proposed set of guaranteed medical services with relevant financial commitments (reallocation of budget resources in behalf of funding of social sectors) - issues of economic accessibility of services - cultural issues, stereotypes and linkages with educational status of women and men in regard of their reproductive behavior - regional differentiation of measures Conclusion: Measures proposed by PRSP are not far enough to improve access to health services for women and men