Reading and Analysis: R4. I can analyze the author’s style (diction, tone, syntax, and voice) and describe its effects on purpose and theme. Vocabulary V3. I can analyze the meaning of a word using its denotation and connotation. Writing: W3. I can make my purpose clear by creating a thesis statement. Today’s Target syntax

2 Syntax Defines Style Through Variety of Sentence Structure: Syntax refers to sentence structure and the variation of phrases and clauses within, which the author manipulates : to fit the occasion or situation to reach their audience to achieve their purpose. SYNTAX

Syntax variations Examples of syntax variations for emphasis Inversion Carried (V), she (S) was, by others in her study group. Carried (V), she (S) was, by others in her study group. The verb of the sentence is placed before the subject. Juxtaposition Do not weep, maiden, for war is kind. Do not weep, maiden, for war is kind. The italicized words are opposite in meaning giving a sudden contrast of ideas that signals something is wrong. Repetition I have a dream that all men are equal; I have a dream that my sons can aspire to the highest positions; I have a dream… I have a dream that all men are equal; I have a dream that my sons can aspire to the highest positions; I have a dream… is a clause that is repeated 17 times in the famous Martin Luther King speech for dramatic effect. Rhetorical Question Shall we not rise up and be counted, make our cause be known? If we do not, we are fool-hardy in that choice. Shall we not rise up and be counted, make our cause be known? If we do not, we are fool-hardy in that choice. A question posed, and then answered. The function is to prod the listener to thought. Parallel Structure Marlene enjoyed the outdoor sports of skiing, hiking and riding horses, but much preferred the indoor sport of ice-skating. Marlene enjoyed the outdoor sports of skiing, hiking and riding horses, but much preferred the indoor sport of ice-skating. Items or ideas in a series must appear in the same grammatical form. Punctuation I heard a fly buzz when I died – He landed – Where I could not see to see. I heard a fly buzz when I died – He landed – Where I could not see to see. Here, the dash is used to signal an extended pause for dramatic effect. 3

Syntax variations Examples of syntax variations for emphasis FragmentIn Japan, during the last war and just before the armistice. A sentence requires a subject and predicate (verb) to be a complete sentence. Run-onThis computer doesn't make sense to me, it came without a manual. A run-on sentence can be two independent sentences connected by a comma (comma-splice). Correct: This computer doesn’t make sense to me. It came without a manual. 4

syntaxLook over the syntax of the sentences in the reading. Are the sentences complete? Are they fragments or run-ons? Are the sentences similar in style and structure? Are the sentences casual or professional? syntaxWhat does the STRUCTURE of syntax tell us about the character? Analysis Syntax

Create a thesis statement regarding Cisneros’ use of syntax to develop the character’s voice. In the vignette “Boys & Girls,” Cisneros’ choice of syntax employs ____________ and ________________ to develop the character’s voice as _____________________ _____________________________________. Thesis Statement

In the vignette “Boys & Girls,” Cisneros’ choice of syntax employs fragments and repetition to develop the character’s voice as a young girl with hopes and dreams.

Stop here

SymbolAllegoryTone Literary Device Analyzed: Symbol, Allegory, and Tone The House on Mango Street “My Name”

Reading and Analysis: imagerysymbol RA2. I can identify theme and use literary terms and figurative language when describing and analyzing texts and know their purpose in the literature such as (but not limited to) metaphor, simile, imagery, repetition, symbol, allusion (historical and literary), personification, irony (situational, verbal, and dramatic), etc. allegory a. I can analyze the allegory, motifs, archetypes, and universal themes of a given text as it relates to humanity tone RA4. I can analyze the author’s style (diction,, tone, syntax, and voice) and describe its effects on purpose and theme. Writing: W3. I can make my purpose clear by creating a thesis statement. Today’s Targettone,

What do these symbols represent to you?

A symbol can be an event, object, person, or animal to which an extraordinary meaning or significance has been attached. With a partner, discuss what these symbols mean to you. Differences? Join another group and see if there are any variations of meaning.

Symbols can be inherited or invented. Example - The Statue of Liberty came to symbolize freedom for people immigrating to the United States by way of Ellis Island.

 Symbols allow writers to suggest layers of meaning and possibility that a simple literal statement could not convey as well. Symbols allow writers to convey an idea with layers of meaning without having to explain those layers in the text. A symbol is like a pebble cast into a pond: It sends out ever widening ripples. Pair/Share: Tell your partner a symbol from one of your readings last year – think To Kill a Mockingbird.

 Allegory – characters, settings, actions, words, phrases, stories that stand for something beyond themselves  Allegory – characters, setting, actions, words, phrases can represent abstract ideas of moral qualities, dilemmas, social/political statements, historical figures and events, more Synonyms for allegory – parable, analogy, metaphor, symbol

Symbol - word, place, character, or object that means something beyond what it is on a literal level. Allegory – uses many interconnected symbols or allegorical figures in such a way that most every element of the narrative has a meaning beyond the literal level; it is the UNDERLYING MEANING (not the in-your-face meaning)

Fight Club: United States’ society values, beliefs, and actions; conformity versus nonconformity Avatar: Extermination of Native Americans for land, riches, and wealth The Dark Night: War on terror  As a class, name current movies.  With a partner, choose two of the movies listed and discuss possible allegories and symbols. As a class, discuss some of your ideas.

18 Tone Tone is the author’s attitude toward their writing (characters and the situation) and their readers. Tone Tone is established through setting, diction, and syntax. Tone Tone can be any range of attitudes, emotions, and feelings… Tone

AmiableConsolingFriendlyPlayful AmusedContent Happy Pleasant Appreciative Dreamy HopefulProud Authoritative Ecstatic Impassioned Relaxed Benevolent Elated JovialReverent Brave Elevated Joyful Romantic Calm Encouraging Jubilant Soothing Cheerful Energetic LightheartedSurprised Cheery Enthusiastic Loving Sweet Compassionate Excited Optimistic Sympathetic Complimentary Exuberant Passionate Vibrant Confident Fanciful Peaceful Whimsical 19

Accusing Choleric Furious Quarrelsome Aggravated Coarse Harsh Shameful Agitated Cold Haughty Smooth Angry Condemnatory Hateful Snooty Apathetic Condescending Hurtful Superficial Arrogant Contradictory Indignant Surly Artificial Critical Inflammatory Testy Audacious Desperate Insulting Threatening Belligerent Disappointed Irritated Tired Bitter Disgruntled Manipulative Uninterested Boring Disgusted Obnoxious Wrathful Brash Disinterested Outraged Childish Facetious Passive 20

Underline Listen to the vignette “My Name” and pay attention to possible symbols and allegories. Underline and things that may have a deeper meaning, an underlying meaning, a not “in-your- face meaning” of words, phrases, objects, ideas, etc. – ANNOTATE! 6:35 FLS/7:45 SLS Read again and continue underlining, circling, and annotating. circle

List five possible symbols or allegories from the vignette "My Name.” With a partner, discuss your symbols and allegories and what they might mean/represent. As a class, share and discuss.

In your packet: What is the main idea of this vignette? What is her toward her subject matter? What types of images does she create? tone

Now, write a three-prong thesis statement addressing the author’s main idea as presented through symbolism and allegory. Thesis statement: In the vignette “My Name,” Cisneros uses symbolism and allegory to express her main idea of _________ __________________________________________ ___________________________, _____________ __________________________________________ _______________________________, and ______ _________________________________________.

In the vignette “My Name,” Cisneros uses symbolism and allegory to express her main idea of wishing her life will go beyond the negative connotation of her name, the legacy of her namesake, and the gender and ethnic confines of Hispanic women.

Stop here

Motif - reoccurring object or idea in a story. A motif can be an idea such as an emotion or quality like love, bravery, or honesty. Motif is easily confused with theme. Theme - the main, overall, large idea or lesson the author is teaching A motif is a smaller idea seen repeatedly in the story. A motif can be used to help develop the theme. motif 1 + motif 2 = theme