Maharishi Arvind INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR

INDIAN RAILWAY

Content:-  Introduction to Indian Railway  Railway Signalling  Interlocking  Automatic Electronic Exchange  PRS  IVRS

RAILWAY SIGNALLING:- Railway signalling is a system used to control railway traffic safely, essentially to prevent trains from colliding. There are following type of signals:  Semaphore  Colour light signal  Position light signal

These signals are controlled by pannel which is situated in ASM office Controlling of signals:-

INTERLOCKING:- Interlocking means an arrangement of signals, points and other appliances, operated from a panel or lever frame, so inter- connected by Mechanical locking or Electrical locking or both that their operation must take place in proper sequence to ensure safety. Types of Interlocking: i) Mechanical Interlocking. ii) Panel Interlocking (Relay). iii) Route Relay Interlocking. iv) Solid State Interlocking.

ROUTH RELAY INTERLOCKING  Route Relay interlocking is same as Panel Interlocking with Electro Mechanical Relays doing the Interlocking except that it can be employed for big yards.  the interlocking is done between one route and another route.  Another Important feature in terms of operating point of view is that the SM has to only press two buttons, Signal button & Route Button (entry-exit system).  He doesn’t have to individually operate the points to the required position.

 Communication has a vital role to play in working schedule of Indian railway.  Indian railway has its own communication system including microwave station and electronic exchange.  Jaipur division consists of three main exchanges: 1.First one has a capacity of 128 lines, based on C-DOT technology. 2.Second one has a capacity of 1200 lines, based on OKI technology. 3.Third one has a capacity of 60 lines, based on MKT technology.

 Main Exchange: main exchange provides the local communicat- ion within a particular small region. For local communication OFC cables are used.  Transit exchange: transit exchange is for the communication in a large area it also have STD network. By this we can communicate from one city to another city.  There are 17 zones in Indian railway.Every zone have its own communication network and all zones and divisions or major cities are connected through transit exchange.

 The computerized passenger reservation system(PRS) facilitates booking and cancelling of tickets from any of the 4,000 terminals located all over the country.  There are 5 main servers located in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai & Sikandrabad.  The main super computer at CSTM and the terminals of different locations connected to this computer with communication link through OFC, UHF, MW, on 4 wire /2 wire analog speech channel digital 64Kbps channels with the help of MUX and Modem.

The equipments used in PRS are:  Modem  Multiplexing equipment  End terminal

Modem are used for communication various computers or between computers and terminals over ordinary or leased telephone lines. We can use modems to log on to micro, mini, main frame computer for line processing. We can use them to connect two remote computers for data.

It is the process of converting multi inputs signal into one output signal is known as multiplexing. S0 S1 I 0 I 1 I 2 output I 3 I 4 Two types of data are there for transmission. They are 1) Analog data  FDM (Frequency division multiplexing) 2) Digital data  TDM (Time division multiplexing). MUX

The end terminal of the system is the station where tickets are to be printed out. The terminal consists of a company system with a dot matrix printer the no. of the total end terminal at the station can be increased or decreased according to the multiplexer used.

The IVRS is the arrangement of a computer and a telephone set. In this system interactive between telephone and computer are done and the results are in the form of voice. It is now used at the place where enquiry is required e.g. banks, mobile companies etc. In railway it is used in “ online train information system ” and “ passenger reservation enquiry system ”.

 The IVRS software is worked on ring modules in which the translation of script is very easy.  This system includes all typed of train as:- Mail, Express, Passenger, MEMU, DMU.  This system is disturbed architecture system, which should made available the last data for transfer from remote to main computer and vice-versa.

 The summer training developed an urge to learn about the practical facets of engineering world.  The advent of new technologies and their uses are need for a proper functioning of any technical sector.  The professional aspects of ‘Electronics & Communication Engineering’ is wide and finds place in every modern commercial institution like Indian Railway.