Language and Literacy: How to Facilitate Activities Through Play and Hands-On Experiences Presenters: Elidia Anaya and Rocio Flores Los Angeles Mission College Child Development Spring Conference April 30, 2016

Language  Defined as human speech, written symbols for speech, or any means of communicating  Development follows a predictable sequence  Related to chronological age  Includes both sending and receiving information  Learned through use  Brain sets up circuitry needed to understand and reproduce language  First 5-7 years is sensitive period ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Language Development of Young Children  Baby’s cry (birth to three months):  Communicates hunger, discomfort, or fear.  Cooing (0-3 months):  Sounds made by an infant when his/her needs are met.  Smiling and laughing (birth to three months):  Some smile in their sleep, possibly through inner motivation.  Babbling (four to six months):  Random sounds alternating constants and vowel sounds.  Association (six to nine months):  Begins to have an idea of the meaning of a few words. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Language Development of Young Children  One-word usage (twelve months):  Many first words are completely original, private words of the child.  Recall (seven to twelve months):  Ability to remember an object named even when the object is not visible is helped by touching, grasping, and tasting of the object.  Telegraphic speech (one to two years):  Two word sentences  Multiword speech (three to four years):  Stage of adult like speech with longer sentences and almost all words present. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Language Development of Young Children  By eighteen months uses at least 20 words and understands one to word phrases  By twenty-four months uses at least 50 words and understands words  By thirty six months uses at least 300 words and understands simple questions  By forty eight months uses four to six word sentences and understands why questions  By sixty months uses complete sentences and understands instructions containing sequencing words  Information from: Learning to talk talking to learn, speech-language-development-chart001.pdf ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Open Ended Questions  Questions that have more than one right answer, or can be answered in many ways, are called open-ended questions. This way of asking questions stimulates more language use, acknowledges that there can be many solutions to one problem, affirms children’s ideas, and encourages creative thinking.  What does this make you think of?  In what ways are these different?  In what ways are they the same?  What materials did you use?  What would happen if…?  What might you try instead?  Tell me about your…  What does it look like? ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Open Ended Questions Connections Project; Learning Communities for All Children, California Institute on Human Services, Sonoma State University  What does it remind you of?  What does it feel like?  What can you do next time?  What can you tell me about it?  Tell me what happened.  What could you have done instead?  Which one do you have more of?  Is one object longer/shorter than the other?  What do you call the things you are using?  Tell me what it looks like.  How are you going to do that?  Show me what you could do with it.  What do you feel, see, hear, taste, and smell?  How did you do that?  Is there anything else you could do/use?  What will you do next after you finish that?  How do you know?  What are some different things you could do?  What is made of? ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Emergent Literacy  Process of developing awareness about reading and writing before children can actually read or write  Building blocks for later reading, writing, and communicating  Includes phonological awareness and letter recognition ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Literacy Development of Young Children  Components  Listening  Speaking  Reading  Writing ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Literacy Development of Young Children  Circular  Through play  Phonics  Is the relationship between the letters of the written language and the sounds of the spoken language.  Phonemes  The smallest unit of speech helping them write the letter- sound relationship ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Literacy Development of Young Children  Phonological awareness  The ability to hear and identify individual sounds and spoken language.  Rhyming  Two words that end the same way.  Vocabulary  The words we must know to communicate  Ideas for creating a developmentally appropriate language and literacy environment ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

National Institute for Literacy  Knowing the names of printed letters  Knowing the sounds associated with printed letters  Manipulating the sounds of spoken language  Rapidly naming a sequence of letters, numbers, objects, or colors  Writing one’s own name or even isolated letters  Remembering the content of spoken language for a short time ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Author and Illustrator Activities  With your group create a story  Each of you will create a page of the story and illustrated  Put the book together and share it ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Dot Painting Names  Write you name on the butcher paper  Use dot markers to decorate your name ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Playdough Letters  Make letters with playdough ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Pipe Cleaner Words  Form letters with the pipe cleaners to create a word ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Matching Word Cards  Match the words ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Books  Read a book  Come up with three why questions  Come up with three how questions  Three vocabulary words ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Pinky Promise ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.