A.Each person is situated within social and institutional power relations. B.Unearned privilege works to advantage some and disadvantage others. A.Each person is situated within social and institutional power relations. B.Unearned privilege works to advantage some and disadvantage others. Purposes: To learn that

The term ‘Other’ “The term ‘Other’ refers to those groups that are traditionally marginalized in society, that is, other than the norm…

Race does not exist, but racialization does. Race does not exist, but... Racialization means acting as if stereotypes associated with race really are true.

1. A teacher checks the student scores again and again when an Aboriginal student gets the highest mark. Assumptions 2. A First Nations teacher is expected to know everything about Aboriginal spirituality and culture. She is continually asked for Aboriginal teaching materials.

triangletriangle Individual Systems & Institutions Ideology

Is a social, economic and historic relation based on hierarchies of racial identity, gender, class, sexuality, dress, language, religion, region, ethnicity, nationality and so forth. WhitenessWhiteness

What it means to be white changes across time and from place to place. It does not always depend on skin colour. WhitenessWhiteness

1. I can if I wish arrange to be in the company of people of my race most of the time. Examples of white privilege 2.Whether I use cheques, credit cards, or cash, I can count on my skin colour not to work against the appearance of financial reliability.

3.I can swear, or dress in secondhand clothes, or not answer letters, without having people attribute these choices to the bad morals, the poverty, or the illiteracy of my race. Examples of white privilege 4.I can do well in a challenging situation without being called a credit to my race.

5.If my day, week, or year is going badly, I need not ask of each negative episode or situation whether it has racial overtones. Examples of white privilege 6.I am never asked to speak for all the people of my racial group.

“In my class and place I did not see myself as a racist because I was taught to recognize racism only in individual acts of meanness by members of my group, never in invisible systems conferring unsought racial dominance on my group from birth.” (McIntosh, p. 169) WhitenessWhiteness

Examples of avoidance and denial

“People are just people; I don’t see ‘colour’. You could be green or have polka dots. I wouldn’t care.” AvoidanceAvoidance “I don’t think of you as Métis (or First Nations or Chinese or African- Canadian or Japanese or... )”

“They’re just as racist toward us.” AngerAnger

“All that happened a long time ago. It has nothing to do with me, here and now.” “We worked hard for what we’ve got; why can’t they?” “All that happened a long time ago. It has nothing to do with me, here and now.” “We worked hard for what we’ve got; why can’t they?” DenialDenial

“I couldn’t possibly be racist. My best friend / lover / neighbour / partner is First Nations.” Claims of Innocence

“When I see those little kids, I could just cry. I feel so terrible about what we have done and I just don’t know how to make it right.” GuiltGuilt

“Racism is not something which simply affects its victims in various adverse ways. It also benefits all those against whom it is not directed, by affording certain privileges”. (Adrienne Shadd, 1993) Social/institutional inequality

“…racism is not simply a phenomenon which afflicts the minds of individuals and causes these individuals to perform discriminatory acts. Racism is something which afflicts an entire society; it is ingrained and reinforced in all the major and minor institutions of the society... Social/institutional inequality

What don’t you want to know? Seminar November 30,

What don’t you want to know? Seminar November 30,

The term ‘Other’ “The term ‘Other’ refers to those groups that are traditionally marginalized in society, that is, other than the norm, such as students with disabilities, students with limited or no English-language proficiency, and students from non- Christian religious backgrounds.” (Kumashiro, 2000, p. 26)

Racial minorities Unemployed families Non-stereotypical males Sexual minorities

What don’t you want to know? Seminar November 30,