* Top 3 Causes of Death for All Adults * Heart Disease – 597,689 * Cancer – 574,743 * Stroke- 129,476

Lifestyle (noncommunicable) Disease * Not infectious….cannot be passed through contact * Made more likely by lifestyle choices and neglect of the body. * Often associated with risk factors (factors that make getting the disease more likely). Ex. Smoking, genetics, age, gender, environment, diet, exercise, etc…….

* Cardiovascular (heart) Disease * Atherosclerosis: fatty deposits harden and plaque builds up on artery wall * What contributes to atherosclerosis? * How early can the buildup begin?

* Arteriosclerosis * Atherosclerosis * 35% of all acute heart attacks are FATAL * #1 killer in women (more than breast cancer and all other cancers combined

* Ways to Reduce Risk * Maintain healthy blood cholesterol (LDL = bad & HDL = good) * Choose a heart healthy diet * Avoid tobacco and secondhand smoke * Maintain healthful blood pressure * Top number = systolic pressure (pressure on blood vessels when heart contracts) * Bottom number = diastolic pressure (pressure when heart is relaxed) * Normal range = 120/80

* Ways to Reduce Risk of CVD * Maintain a healthful body weight * What difference does weight distribution make? * Participate in regular physical exercise * CDC estimates that 250,000 deaths each year are due to physical inactivity

* Risk Factors you cannot control.. * Heredity = individuals parents or siblings who had a heart attack before age 55 in men, and age 65 in women. * Gender = males are at higher risk than females until age 40. Once a female reaches age 65, it is number one cause of death. * Age = 80% of those that develop heart disease do so after age 65.

* CANCER * Cells divide in an uncontrolled way or abnormal way. * Tumor = abnormal growth of tissue * Benign = tumor that is not cancerous * Malignant = cancerous tumor that may spread to other parts of the body * Metastasis = spread of cancer

Most common types of Cancer * Skin= #1 Over a million reported annually * Most common cause of death by Cancer: * Lung= Men and Women * Breast= WomenProstate= Men

* The leading cause of cancer death among men and women * Begins when cells in the lung grow out of control and form a tumor * There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell and small cell

* Tobacco * Second hand smoke * Asbestos

* SKIN CANCER * The epidermis contains three different types of cells: basal cells, squamous cells, and melanocytes. * Disease of the bodies skin cells caused mainly by overexposure to UV. UV radiation disrupts the cells’ genes and can cause them to grow abnormally. * The U.S. government has classified UV as “known to be a human carcinogen”. This places UV radiation, whether from the sun or tanning lights, alongside other carcinogens such as radon, asbestos, and tobacco smoke.

* Melanoma

* Malignant cells are found in the breast tissue. * Ductal cancer (effects the ducts and also is the most common type) * Lobular (which begins in the lobes of the breast and often is found in both breasts) * Inflammatory cancer (its where the breast appears swollen and hot) its also very uncommon.

* Perhaps one of the best ways to help prevent cancer is an easy one but often overlooked. * Diets high in meat, fast foods, refined carbohydrates, simple sugars, low in fruit and veggies are at high risk of developing cancer. * Diets need to be well balanced in that you need to eat your 5 servings of fruits and veggies a day. Don’t forget the whole grain foods as well. usda.gov

* Warning Signs of Cancer * C: change in bowel or bladder habits * A: a sore that does not heal * U: unusual bleeding or discharge * T: thickening or lump in a breast * I: indigestion or difficulty swallowing * O: obvious change in a wart or mole * N: nagging cough or hoarseness

* Diabetes * Chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy. Pancreas produces too little or no insulin at all. Therefore, glucose can not enter body cells. * Type 1 (autoimmune disease)= 5-10% of all diabetics; body does not produce insulin and glucose builds up in the blood > starving cells of energy. Damage eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart. * Type 2 = 90-95% of all diabetics; body is unable to make enough insulin or to use it properly.

Arthritis Pain/loss of movement in joints * Rheumatoid = disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammation. * Autoimmune disease * Joints become deformed and cease to function normally * Osteoarthritis = disease of joints in which cartilage breaks down. * Controlling weight * Sports injuries * Lyme disease

* Asthma * Small airways in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing. * Can occur at any age; 1/3 are under 18. * Triggers = air pollution, pet dander, tobacco smoke. * Attack = muscles of bronchial walls tighten and produce extra mucus.