Short Term Causes of World War One Review Three

Short Term Causes of World War One Trouble in the Balkans. UNSTABLE! Why? Poor area of south- Eastern Europe Turkish Empire (Ottoman) very weak Rise of nationalism Germany wanted to build railway to the East through the Balkans Austria Hungary wanted to stop Serbia from stirring up the Slavic people Slavic peoples wanted independence Russia wanted sea access from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean was also a Slavic Country. Italy wanted to control the other side of the Adriatic Sea DO YOU SEE ALL THE CONFLICTING INTERESTS IN THE REGION?

Short Term Causes of World War One IMPERIAL RIVALRY IN THE BALKANS What are the; a)Austro-Hungarian interests in the Balkans b)Serbian interests in the Balkans c)Russian interests in the Balkans d)Why are the Russians and the Austro- Hungarians coming into conflict in the Balkans?

Short Term Causes of World War One Moroccan Crises: 1905 and 1911 What is the message of the this cartoon? Ask: How did these crises contribute to tension in the early 1900’s?

Short Term Causes of World War One The Balkan Wars 1912 – 1913 The First Balkan War Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro formed the Balkan League and attacked the Turkish Empire in The Turks were beaten easily and were driven out of the Balkan area and forced to give up their lands Review the events of the Balkan Wars: Britannica! How did the Balkan Crises cause tension and eventually a World War?

Short Term Causes of World War One The Second Balkan War In 1913 the Balkan League quarrelled – Bulgaria went to war with Greece and Serbia. Turkey and Romania joined the Greek and Serbian side and Bulgaria was soon defeated – losing land to the four victors. In both of these wars, the British tried to keep the peace, instead of supporting Russia, who were on Serbia’s side. Germany saw this as a sign that the Triple Entente was weak.

Short Term Causes of World War One 1908 Austria – Hungary annex Bosnia and Herzegovina 1. Austria – Hungary had been given control of Bosnia by an 1878 treaty. They wanted to make it an official part of their empire. They cut a deal with Russia – who would support this ‘annexation’ if Austria – Hungary backed Russian hopes of getting access for hit warships through the Turkish Straits.

Short Term Causes of World War One 2. Russia didn’t get what it wanted, as other powers stood against it – but Austria-Hungary went ahead with the annexation. Russia protested, but Germany, Austria – Hungary’s ally backed them. Russia wasn’t’ strong enough to intervene against them both. This left Russia feeling angry and humiliated.

Short Term Causes of World War One Political Cartoon from France that shows the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austria – Hungary and Russia pulling apart the Balkans whilst the ‘sick old man’ = Ottoman Empire looks on helplessly.

Short Term Causes of World War One ASSASSINATION!!!!

Short Term Causes of World War One Assassination: Create a summary as to how did the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria Hungary lead to a world war that engulfed Europe. Write a list of the most significant events that led to the war.

Short Term Causes of World War One Are you able to write details about the following? Black hand movement Diplomatic crisis – “July Crisis” Kaiser issues Austria a ‘blank cheque’ Ultimatum to Serbian government from Austria Failure of diplomacy in the lead up to World War One Did Germany want this war? What was Germany’s calculated risk? Black Hand Movement

Short Term Causes of World War One Failure of diplomacy. 1.Germany took a calculated risk. Wanted to support its ally – Austria – Hungary. Assumed that the Austrian Hungarian military would defeat Serbia. Therefore have a strong ally 2.Germany thought that Britain, France and Russia would not get involved 3.Russian mobilisation was viewed as a prelude to war by Germany – BUT was it? 4.Germany did try to restrain Austria – Hungary – but it was too late as they had already attacked Serbia

Short Term Causes of World War One Sequence of events: 1.23 rd July - Austria – Hungary blames Serbia for the Assassination th July – Serbia refuses to let troops in. Austria – Hungary declares war on Serbia and shells Belgrade 3.29 th July – Russia begins mobilising troops ready to help Serbia

Short Term Causes of World War One Sequence of events: 4.30 th July – Germany demands that Russia stops mobilising 5.1 st August – Russia refuses. Germany declares war on Russia 6.2 nd August – France begins mobilising to help Russia 7.3 rd August – Germany declares war on France

Short Term Causes of World War One 8.4 th August – Germany sends troops through Belgium to attack France, following the Schlieffen Plan. Belgium is neutral, and Britain had agreed to protect Belgium. Britain orders Germany to withdraw. Germany refuses. Britain declares war on Germany 9.6 th August – Austria – Hungary declares war on Russia

Short Term Causes of World War One

What was the contribution of each of the European Powers during the July Crisis to the outbreak of war? GermanyAustria – Hungary RussiaFrance Britain

Short Term Causes of World War One 1. Read – Review – Take Notes – Understand: Pages 29 – ory/euro-hist ory/euro-hist 3. LH4 LH4

Short Term Causes of World War One Exam Question: “The role of alliances in the origin and expansion of the war in 1914 was greatly exaggerated.” With reference to the First World War, to what extent to you agree with this statement? November 2013

Short Term Causes of World War One Exam Question: To what extent was Germany responsible for either the First World War or the Second World War? November 2001 The role of Germany in both wars is a key theme in many exams!