5 main causes: –Economy –Military –Moral decay –Political problems –Invasion Review Quiz: Fall of the Roman Empire Army included invaders as members Cost of defense; devaluation Loss of faith in Rome and family Civil conflict; weak gov’t Attacks on borders

A.D. 330—Constantine moves the capital to Byzantium (Constantinople) Timeline

A.D. 395—Leaders divided the empire due to difficulties in communications b/t the eastern & western parts of the empire A.D. 476—Western Roman Empire is overrun by Germanic (barbarian) tribes Timeline

A.D. 527—Justinian succeeded his uncle to the throne in the East A.D. 533—Justinian sends General Belisarius to reconquer former Roman territory Timeline

A.D. 850s—Byzantine culture spreads to Russia Timeline

A.D. 1054—the church splits into two parts (schism) Timeline

A.D. 1240—Mongols destroy Kiev (Russian city) A.D. 1453—Constantinople falls to Ottoman Turks Timeline

Division of the Roman Empire Capital moved in A. D. 330 from ______ to _________ which is modern-day _________ in Turkey Western Roman Empire survived until _________ when it failed to have a Roman Emperor Eastern Roman Empire becomes _________ Empire which includes: –Asia Minor (nucleus = Greece); replaced Latin language with _________ Rome Byzantium Istanbul 476 A. D. Byzantine Greek

Establishment of Byzantine Empire The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was changed to Constantinople to provide political, economic, and military advantages. Location of Constantinople –Protection of the eastern frontier –Distant from Germanic invasions in the western empire –Crossroads of trade –Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by natural harbors

Geography of Byzantine Empire Asia Minor Bosporus Strait Strait of Dardanelles Black Sea Mediterranean Aegean Sea

PALESTINE ASIA MINOR

Constantinople The Role of Constantinople Formerly known as Byzantium Renamed for Emperor __________ Seat of Byzantine Empire until Ottoman conquest in A.D Preserved classical Greco-Roman culture Constantine

R.A.P. What is another name for the Byzantine Empire? Which of the following was NOT a reason for the capital of Rome to be moved to the Byzantine Empire? a) It was located closer to important trade routes b)It was isolated from German barbarian attacks c)It was a holy city for Christians Constantinople served as a center for what two cultures? a)Persia and Rome b)Greece and Persia c)Rome and Greece

R.A.P. Which map BEST shows the location of Constantinople? 1 2 3

Justinian (A. D ) “The Emperor Who Never Slept” First to codify Roman law, which became the basis for law codes of Western Europe Re-conquered former Roman territories Expanded trade Under Justinian’s reign, the Byzantine Empire reached its height in culture and prosperity –(Examples: Corpus Juris Civilis, Hagia Sophia)

Justinian’s Law Code His goal = “#1 government, #1 empire, #1 religion” Ordered a panel of 10 scholars & a lawyer to “classify” Roman laws which took 6 years –Known as Corpus Juris Civilis (Collection of Civil Law) –Became basis for European law

iPads Complete the following task: 1.Search Unusual U.S. laws that remain even though they are outdated (search for “unusual” or “stupid” U.S. laws) 2.In Notes, make a list of 3-5 laws that would be considered “outdated” according to modern standards. 3.Have something prepared to share in a few minutes

Hagia Sophia “Holy Wisdom” Located in Istanbul Built in A. D. 532 Originally a church, then an Islamic mosque, now a museum

iPads Complete the following tasks: 1.Use “Maps” or “Google Earth” to search “Istanbul, Turkey” What is nearby? What type of land formation is this? 2.Use “Maps” or “Google Earth” to search “Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey” ( You may have to move around to find it!!!) Image Search 3.Use “Safari” to complete a Google Image Search for “Hagia Sophia” Find interior & exterior images of the building Save your fav’s by pushing the power key and home key at the same time (should ‘snap’ like a camera) OR hold your finger on the pic until a text box appears…select SAVE image

Division between Western and Eastern Churches The cultural and political differences between the eastern and western Roman empire weakened the unity of the Christian Church and led to its division.

The Western Church vs. The Eastern Church Centered in _____ Farther from seat of power after Constantinople became capital Use of ______ language in liturgy Centered in _____________ Close to seat of power after Constantinople became capital Use of _____ language in liturgy Rome Latin Constantinople Greek (public worship service)

Division between Western and Eastern Churches What factors produced the division within the Christian Church? –The authority of the Pope eventually accepted in the West –The authority of the Patriarch eventually accepted in the East –Practices such as celibacy eventually accepted in the West

The Church Splits Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire Capital City Language Type of Christianity (Name of Church) ROMAN CATHOLIC EASTERN ORTHODOX Leader of Church Accepted Practices Rubric: Accuracy 5 points Use of Color 5 points Image to represent “division” 5 points Neatness 5 points Completeness 5 pointsRubric: Accuracy 5 points Use of Color 5 points Image to represent “division” 5 points Neatness 5 points Completeness 5 points

The Church Splits Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire Capital City Language Type of Christianity (Name of Church) ROMAN CATHOLIC EASTERN ORTHODOX Leader of Church Accepted Practices

Byzantine Art and Architecture Greek Orthodox Christianity and imperial patronage enabled the Byzantine Empire to develop a unique style of art and architecture. Inspired by _________ and imperial power Icons Mosaics found in public and religious structures Most important example = Hagia Sophia (the Byzantine domed church) Christianity - religious images

Byzantine Culture How did Greek and Roman culture survive within the Byzantine Empire? Continued flourishing of Greco-Roman traditions Greek as official language (contrasted with _______ in the West) Type of Christianity: _______ ________ Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in Byzantine _________ Latin GreekOrthodox libraries

Byzantine Culture Influenced Russia and Eastern Europe Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much influence on religion, culture, and trade in Russia and Eastern Europe? Trade routes between Black Sea and Baltic Sea via the _____ and Dneiper River which allowed for access to northern Europe Adoption of ________ Christianity by Russia and much of eastern Europe Adoption of ______ alphabet to the Slavic languages by St. Cyril straits Orthodox Greek

Cyrillic Alphabet Cyrillic Alphabet (Modernized Version)

Influence cont’d Church architecture and religious art –Churches embellished with gold, silver, marble, ivory, and jewels –Icons displayed on church walls, in homes, and shrines –Art mostly of religious subjects –Mosaics, jeweled crosses, and ivory boxes (for sacred items) –Illuminated manuscripts (elaborately decorated books)

Byzantine Art Mosaic of Empress Theodora Mosaic-Justinian Jeweled crosses Illuminated Manuscript Liturgy Jeweled cross