Political Changes How did the War of 1812 change everything?

#1: What is changing/different? A B

#2 What is changing/different? A B

#3: What is changing/different? A B

What do you think will be important? Why?

What was the Era of Good Feelings? From the end of the War of 1812 to the end of James Monroe’s presidency (Election of 1824)

Why was it called this? AKA – How did the Era of Good Feelings come about? One party because the Federalists were gone (Hartford Convention) No party fighting = good feelings! Nationalism because of victories over Britain No more problems with European countries.

Era of Good Feelings What did it lead to? Sectionalism – but the argument still the same – battles over power and reach of the national government in relation to economic topics including slavery. Sectional leaders rise to power: Clay = West – pro national government power but sympathetic to the South Calhoun = South – pro South and pro states’ rights. Webster = North – pro North, anti-slavery, and pro national government.

Era Continued Results Continued What did it lead to? Argument over power (federal or state) gets worse and grows to include other smaller arguments. Party realignment (New Parties): Democratic- Republicans split into the Democrats and the Whigs (National Republicans).

More Money More…. What economic problems did the US run across? Money Problems: National bank had expired (ended) – State banks started over lending = too much money was given out (inflation). Foreign Business War: Return of British goods – After the war they returned with the goal of eliminating the competition – Charged less = this put some US companies out of business.

How did Congress attempt to solve the problems? Congress’ Plan a.New National Bank to solve money problems (inflation = the money did not have value). b.New Tariff (of 1816) to keep British goods out and help American factories grow.

What did Congress’ Plan lead to? More sectionalism South was against the new plans. The tariff helped the North and hurt the South! Battled over power – Bank was too powerful!

What caused more problems between the North and the South? The American System: Henry Clay’s plan to build the American economy Road improvements, canal construction, and a higher tariff. What was the result? Stopped by the South because of sectionalism. They did not need the roads and canals. The tariff hurt them!

What caused (even more) problems between the North and the South? Court Cases 1.McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – precedent for the “Supremacy Clause.” The national government had power over the states. 2.Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – precedent for national government power over all interstate commerce = business! VS

What were the results South unhappy about power of the government. Push for states’ rights and nullification begins again. Scared of losing slavery Led to arguments over slave and free states. SOUTHERNERS

What do you see? What conclusions can you draw from this?

Slavery and power rear their ugly head How (and why) did the slavery debate begin? Louisiana Purchase had no plan for slavery Missouri wanted to be a slave state There would be more slave states than free states. Giving slave states more power in the Senate

Missouri Compromise What “solved” the problem? Draw a line across the country dividing slave and free states Maine = new free state Missouri = new slave state Keep free and slave states equal in the Senate Developed by Henry Clay the “Great Compromiser,” the Missouri Compromise sought to solve the problems over slavery.

What’s the problem?

Missouri Compromise Results What were the results of the Missouri Compromise? “Solved” arguments for a time There is more free territory than slave Led to expansion into Mexican territory Problems over slavery in that territory will not be solved by the Missouri Compromise.

What is the message?

US Victories What was the effect of the US “victories” over Britain (Revolution and 1812)? Led to revolutions in South and Central America. Spain begins to lose control of colonies: Colombia (1819), Mexico (1821), United Provinces of Central America (1823), and Brazil. As a result: European countries united against revolutions

US Reaction How did the US react to these changes? (What was did the US do in foreign policy?) At Britain’s urging – President issued the “Monroe Doctrine”: US would not interfere in Europe No nation should try to regain control of the Western Hemisphere. British supported it with promise of naval backing

Importance Why was this important? Foreign Policy still used today Kept European powers out of N/S America Opened door for Manifest Destiny (expansion west) Supported by Britain – first of many agreements between the two Let US develop during the 19 th century without interference. Increased US power = P O W E R

Spanish Florida How did the US handle other threats and manage to grow during the Era? Spanish Florida – Spain supports Seminoles and their African American allies (Negro Fort). Creeks and Seminoles attacked Georgia from the safety of Florida. Solution: Jackson invades Florida and destroys the “Negro Fort.” 1818 – Jackson takes control and begins steady attacks – Spain forced to give Florida to the US for 5 million dollars (Adams-Onis Treaty – 1821)

Importance Why was this important? Conflicts over slavery. Native problems (relocation) Jackson’s popularity, reputation, and power grows Creates division between supporters and those that fear him