4 Waves of English Speaking Settlement in the Colonial Period Jamestown, Virginia 1607 – 1 st Permanent English settlement in America Plymouth, Massachusetts – 1621 – Pilgrims Puritans – Massachusetts - New England Cavaliers – Virginia & South Atlantic Coast Quakers Pennsylvania & Delaware River Valley Scots-Irish Appalachian Backcountry

Puritans Calvinism  Institutes of the Christian Religion  Predestination. Good works could not save those predestined for hell. No one could be certain of their spiritual status. Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking signs of “conversion.” Puritans:  Want to totally reform [purify] the Church of England.  Grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England.

The Massachusetts Bay Colony 1629  Puritans (non-separatists) got a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Colony  Wanted to escape attacks by conservatives in the Church of England.  They didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities.” 1629  1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships  Established a colony with Boston as its hub. “Great Migration” of the 1630s  Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to Western Hemisphere  25,000 came to Massachusetts

Puritans

Colonizing New England

Sources of Puritan Migration

“For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by word through the world.” John Winthrop Today the eyes of all people are truly upon us—and our governments, in every branch, at every level, national, State, and local, must be as a city upon a hill President John F. Kennedy 'America was targeted for attack because we're the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world." President George W. Bush "A troubled and afflicted mankind looks to us, pleading for us to keep our rendezvous with destiny; that we will uphold the principles of self-reliance, self- discipline, morality, and, above all, responsible liberty for every individual that we will become that shining city on a hill." President Ronald Reagan

Population of the New England Colonies

Characteristics of New England Settlements Migration of families – 50/50 gender ratio Little intermarriage with Native Americans, Average age at marriage: Women – 22 years old Men – 27 years old. Many extended families. Average 6 children per family. Low mortality  average life expectancy was 70 years of age.

Puritan house

John Adam’s birthplace Quincy Massachusetts

“Ye Olde Deluder Satan Act” World’s 1 st Public School Law Passed by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1647 Every town of 50 or more families had to hire a teacher and provide a place for instruction of the children so they could learn to read the Bible Towns with 100 or more families had to establish a “grammar school” to prepare young people for college Established principle that ALL children, GIRLS as well as boys, POOR as well as rich, deserve a formal education Education is a COMMUNITY responsibility, not just a family concern

Community Education for all C Correction (not punishment) Recreation There can be no freedom outside of an orderly community!

New England Accent “Pahk the cah in Hahvahd Yahd” (“Park the car in Harvard Yard”) Nasal twang No R sounds in middle of words Put R endings on words that end with vowels: Cuber, Sheiler (Cuba, Sheila)

The “Town Game ” or “ Bass-Ball”

American football developed in the colleges of New England and the northeast United States

Dr. James Naismith invented Basketball in 1891 at Springfield College in Massachusetts Team sports, Ball games

In 1896 the first official game of Volleyball was played at Springfield College in Massachusetts

A Puritan Dinner

Baking was their preferred method of cooking

“The First Thanksgiving”

Serious colors for serious people – Earth tones

Major Values: Religion, obviously, but also: Order Community Education Work is a form of worship – “The Puritan Ethic” No tolerance for violence