The scope of Chemistry

Objectives  1.1a Explain why the scope of chemistry is so vast.  1.1b Identify five traditional areas of study in chemistry.  1.1c Identify the central themes of chemistry.  1.2a Identify three general reasons to study chemistry.  1.2b Identify some outcomes of modern research in chemistry.

What is Chemistry?  Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space  Chemistry: The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

The five traditional areas of chemistry:  Organic Chemistry: The study of all chemicals containing carbon

The five traditional areas of chemistry:  Inorganic Chemistry: The study of chemicals that do not contain carbon

The five traditional areas of chemistry:  Biochemistry: The study of (chemical) processes that take place inside living organisms

The five traditional areas of chemistry:  Analytical Chemistry: The area of study that focuses on the composition of matter

The five traditional areas of chemistry:  Physical Chemistry: The area that deals with mechanism, rate and energy transfer when matter undergoes a change

Pure and applied Chemistry Pure ChemistryApplied Chemistry  Pursuit of Chemical Knowledge for its own sake.  Research directed towards a practical goal and application.

What branch of chemistry?  Measure the level of lead in blood  Analytical Chemistry  Study non-carbon based chemicals in rocks  Inorganic Chemistry  Investigate changes that occur as food is digested in the stomach  Biochemistry  Study carbon-based chemicals in coal  Organic Chemistry  Explain the energy transfer that occurs when ice melts  Physical Chemistry

HOW did each picture relate to chemistry?

1.2 Chemistry and you (p.6-11) Why study Chemistry? EExplaining the natural world IIf you are a dork like me PPreparing for a career $$$$$$$ $88,726- average salary of a chemical engineer $43,327- average salary of a high school teacher

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Which of the following careers would require some understanding of chemistry? A.chef B.doctor C.farmer D.all of the above

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Which of the following careers would require some understanding of chemistry? A.chef B.doctor C.farmer D.all of the above

1.2 Chemistry and you (p.6-11) Why study Chemistry?  Being an informed citizen  You will (or at least, should) vote after you turn 18  Think of some political issues that deal with chemistry or science in general

Chemistry, technology, and society  Look at some of the electronics in the classroom.  What is similar about their construction?  Why are they made this way?  Look at the graph on p. 8  How much plastic waste do you think was produced prior to 1960?  What do you think accounted for the increase in plastic waste around 1960?

Technology  Technology is the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired Internet comes out of this end

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Interpret Graphs Note: The amount of plastics packaging in U.S. waste includes plastics packaging that is to be recycled. Although plastics are a part of most of our daily lives, there is concern that their use is taking a toll on the environment and on natural resources. Year 15,000 12,500 10, Waste produced (thousands of tons)

Examples of technology with chemistry  Materials and the environment  Energy

Examples of Technology  Medicine/Biotechnology  The universe

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. CHEMISTRY & YOU  How can chemistry be used to find evidence of life on other planets?

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. CHEMISTRY & YOU  How can chemistry be used to find evidence of life on other planets? By analyzing light from stars, scientists can study their composition, and data gathered by probes can be used to analyze matter in space.

Logging in: JFK-238B2W62 Wb8108#589u

Current Event Assignment  Find an article about a current event in chemistry. Here are some possible websites:     Write a summary of the article in 2 paragraphs.  Answer the following OEQ:  Developments in Chemistry can have an impact on the political, economical, or technological world. Some are just there to advance our knowledge of the natural world  Which category does your article fall under? Why?  How could this development impact your life personally?

Homework!  Finish Current Event Assignment

Homework:  Read 1.1 and 1.2  Answer all questions in lesson check for 1.1 and 1.2  (p. 5 questions 1-7, p. 11 questions 8-13) Be ready for a lab tomorrow

Chemistry Do-now  Make Three columns. Label them Predict, Observe, and Explain. You will fill these in during the course of the demo

Objectives  1.3a Describe how Lavoisier transformed chemistry.  1.3b Identify three steps in the scientific method.

1.3 Thinking like a scientist  Chemistry comes from a more ancient science known as alchemy  Alchemy was devoted to certain pursuits that we now know are impossible, such as trying to turn lead into gold.  Equipment developed that we still use today- crucible, tongs, mortar & pestle, etc.

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier  In the late 1700’s this French scientist started the shift from alchemy to chemistry  Based on observation  Lavoisier developed instruments to measure matter very precisely

The Scientific Method  A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem  Many approaches are possible, but they all contain the same basic steps.

Step 1: Make Observations  When you use your senses to obtain information, you make an observation.  Not just sight! Observing: Where’s Waldo?

Step 2: Test Hypothesis  A hypothesis is a proposed answer to a question  An educated guess

Step 2: Test Hypothesis  Experiment: Procedure used to test a hypothesis  2 Variables  Independent Variable: Variable that is changed  Dependent Variable: Variable that is observed  Sometimes an experiment cannot be tested conventionally in a lab  Models are used instead

Step 3: Making Theories and Laws  Scientific Theory: well tested explanation for a broad set of observations  Scientific Law: Concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

What are some Scientific theories and Laws?  Global Warming, Evolution, Atomic theory of matter, Continents  Gravity, motion

Homework  Study for Ch. 1 Test tomorrow! (There will be a review)

Chemistry Do-Now  Solve the crossword puzzle.  Describe the process you use to solve a crossword puzzle on the back of the sheet in one sentence