UNCLASSIFIED USPACOM Science and Technology Ken Bruner Science and Technology Advisor HQ U. S. Pacific Command March 2011 Maritime Security: International monitoring of the global commons

2 Threats to Strategic Interests WMD Proliferation Maritime Logistics Maritime Terrorism Human Trafficking Arms Proliferation Narcotics Smuggling Fishery Violations & Environmental Hazards “The opportunities to do harm are great, or greater, in maritime or surface transportation.” 9/11 Commission Report “The opportunities to do harm are great, or greater, in maritime or surface transportation.” 9/11 Commission Report Cross Government / Nation / IndustryIntelligence Is VITAL Maritime Narco-terrorism Threats to the Global Supply Chain

Solutions Automated Identification System MSSIS Sea Star VMS Ship Rider Program Coastal RADARs

MARSEC Drivers Theater Campaign Plan – Security Cooperation - Phase “0” Shaping1 Addresses 7 of 7 Theater Strategic Objectives; 6 of 7 GEF Endstates; 6 of 7 Essential Tasks – Allies & Partners Annual Staff Talks – Maritime Security – Transnational Threats – Annual Staff Talks – Counter Proliferation/Trafficking Treaty Responsibilities - “Fight for Fish”

Operational Environments Tyranny of Time and Distance Hawaiian EEZ 2050NM x 450NM CFA EEZ 3020NM x 570NM Singapore-Taiwan 1775NM x 300NM

Southeast Asia Monitor Sealanes and EEZs from Straits of Malacca through South China Sea Record Time, Place, Activity, and Vessel Identification Establish behavioral norms Customer: Changi C2 Center International Fusion Center Long term oceanographic observation program to support Asian Regional Forum requirements

National Marine Monument Monitoring of all vessels within NMM Record Time, Place, Activity, and Vessel Identification Customer: USCG Dist 14 Long term oceanographic observation program

Compact States Monitor CFA Exclusive Economic Zones Record Time, Place, Activity, and Vessel Identification Customer: Dist 14 and CFA enforcement authorities Palau FSM Marshall Is.

Operational Requirements Cost effective, multiple use, 7x24 broad area surveillance capability to detect and track vessels (>100 GT) at 100nm – Not “targeting” quality to enhance share-ability – Low infrastructure, operating, and maintenance costs Cost effective, multiple user, on-demand surveillance capability to supplement long range shore based radar capability to detect and track vessels (>100 GT) from NM from shore Low cost, low overhead, long range surveillance capability to identify and record activity of vessels detected by broad area surveillance sensors Centralized sensor/Information processing, fusion, and product dissemination Appropriate and Sustainable, Persistent and Comprehensive

Enabling Technologies 150 miles 1175 miles Commercial Satellite Coverage 300x300 nm HF RADAR Detection 150 nm Small UAS 2000 nm range 110 nm horizon at 6000 ft

Technology Candidates Dual mode Low Cost HF RADAR Commercial Satellite Processing Low Cost, Long Range UAS ISR/AIS Platform Sense Making Tools

Technology, Policy, & Economic Challenges Technology – Over-the-horizon UAS C2 – Weather avoidance – UAS Sensor packages EO/IR vs SAR – transmission and storage Post mission analysis, reporting, and evidentiary requirements – HF Radar Vessel detection algorithms – Integration of Radar, UAS, and Satellite information – Integration with VMS and Sea Star Policy – UAV operations in 5-20k Overwater flight regimes (ICAO) Sense and Avoid – International data sharing – Interagency customer base Operations and Maintenance Cost models and validation – “Sustainability”

Technology Evaluation and Integration Program Enabling Technologies – Satellite imagery and AIS integration (US/SN) – HF Radar validation (partners ?) Core Process 3 – UAV validation Coalition Warfare Program – Integrate technologies into demonstration capability (US/SN) Joint Capability Technology Demonstration – Deploy International network demonstration capability – US/SN/TH/PH/ID/BRRP/MA/VN Proposed Ops-Tech Demos in TH/PH/SN in 2011 Seeking Additional S&T Partnership Opportunities

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ORSSN Goals/PHASE I Demo Approach Goals: Provide US partner nations an affordable means to detect, identify, track, and share information on maritime vessels operating in their Economic Exclusion Zone Phase I Demonstration: Provide USCG District 14 support in monitoring the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Monument - Demonstrate low cost technology to detect, identify, track and share shipping technology - Demonstrate the ability transfer information to the Singapore Changi C2 Center for processing, fusion,and dissemination, for the Phase II follow-on demonstration - Provide opportunities for partner nations to view the technology demonstrations in Hawaii

Technology Challenges - details HF RADAR Multi-product processing of HF Radar signals – Centralized processing, multi-point dissemination Data exfiltration and control via GSM/3G Networks Decreased power requirement/stand alone power source for HF Radar sites Commercial Satellite processing Semi-automated screening of imagery for vessel targets Unmanned Air System Tasking, control, and capability of UAV to serve as Maritime Patrol Aircraft Cost per hour, sustainability, life cycle costs Sense Making Tools Integration of “Sense Making” tools into non-US software architecture – ReMIX – SMART – Unclassified CMA tools