Participatory Land Use Planning in Pastoral Areas of Ethiopia Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource Rural Land Administration & Land Use Directorate In collaboration with ILC, SDC WB conference on Land and Poverty March 15,2016

Pastoral Areas cover in Ethiopia cover around 60% of the land:  Afar……. Somali…  Large areas of Oromiya & SNNP  parts of Gambella Found mainly along Eastern, Southern and Southwestern  Typically: arid /semi arid lowland  Climate :Low & Erratic rainfall b/n 0-700mm per yr  High temp. reaching 50 o c in parts of Afar  Variability of rainfall is high BACKGROUND Non-Pas./Agro Pas. Area Pas./Agro Pas. Area

The Government of Ethiopia (GoE) has started developing : a land use policy for the country and different tools and processes for its implementation The long-term vision of the Government is To have in place comprehensive land use planning at different administrative levels which will provide a framework – For integrated decision-making processes & implementation – For more rational, best possible use of land and natural resources. – For restrictions on inappropriate use Land Use Planning …..

LevelApprox. scaleObjectivesResponsible Institutions NATIONAL1:1,000,000  Land use policy  Land administration  Legal framework  National programmes  Establishment of National conservation areas  Facilitating LUP at Regional level  Capacity building  Ministries and Institutions  National Task Force  Inter-ministerial Coordination Committee REGIONAL1:500,000  Land use policy  Land administration  Legal framework  Regional programmes  Facilitating LUP at lower levels  Bureaus and Departments  Regional Task Force  Inter-bureau Coordination Committee MESO-LEVELMESO-LEVEL ZONE, WOREDA SUB-BASIN 1:250,000 1:100,000 1:50,000  Regulating land use and checking of procedures  Land administration  Establishing technical services  Promoting dialogue  Translating strategies into action  Facilitating LUP at community level  Establishing protected areas  Govt. technical services  Woreda Land Administration & Use  Woreda Watershed / Range land Development Team KEBELE & COMMUNITY 1:10,000  Participatory Rural Appraisal  Village land use plan  Dialogue, negotiation  Implementation of land use plans  Kebele Development Committee  Land Resource Management Group  Cooperatives  NGOs  Bottom-up" planning The scale given here is a guideline only and indicates the level of detail. The actual scale of maps depends on the actual size of the planning area and on the purpose and context of the map. ( FAO, Land Use Planning Guidelines - Ethiopia. FAO/MoA Technical Cooperation Project TCP/ETH/3402.) Levels of land use planning in the context of Ethiopia

Existing Participatory Land Use Planning manual was mainly focused on sedentary agricultural area of the country and Doesn’t address the pastoral areas that cover almost 60% of the land area of the country. So, GoE decided to prepare WPLUP manual for pastoral areas in collaboration with partners who are working in Pastoral areas (ILC, GIZ, Oxfam, with support from SDC and GIZ). Participatory Land use planning in Ethiopia

Why participatory land use planning for pastoral areas ? To Reconcile -competing and conflicting land uses & - short and long-term planning and manag’t of resources required to balance different land uses Rangeland use demands planning at a large scale (i.e. beyond or across village boundaries) The resources found in rangelands tend to have multiple and overlapping uses. Resources are strongly connected to each other (e.g. water and grasslands) local land users are best placed to make decisions about land use.

WHY DIFFERENT LAND USE PLANNING APPROACH IN PASTORAL AREAS? ApproachNon Pastoral AreaPastoral Area Land unit More intensive, over relatively small land units, which can usually be used and managed in section Extensive and takes place over a large land unit, which needs to be used and managed as a whole Land Use It is usually the case that one land use occurs at a time and on apiece of land Multiple use is common and not clearly defined e.g. Livestock rearing and collection of gums and resins Land Users Due to one land use, there tends to be only one land user at a time Due to multiple use there tends to several sets of land users at a time Managem ent Individual Management of resources and related decision making is normal Communal management of resources and decision making is normal.So Important to plan communally. Settlement Land users tend to stay in one place (on their land) and use land ‘constantly’ Land users tend to move, using land /resources on a seasonal and/ or on a temporary basis Climate Tends to be steady and predictable so planning is relatively easy Tends to be variable and un predictable so planning is difficult, requiring flexibility Resources Are fewer, less complicated, and can be more easily managed as individual components Rangeland resources are many different types, complex, are fragile but robust, and naturally well- interconnected.

Pastoralists do plan Community-level planning in pastoral areas There is a common perception that pastoralists do not plan, However, LUP is a lifelong practice for pastoralists,. Plans of pastoralists tend to be verbal, Pastoralists plan for a number of reasons including  to decide on and manage different land and resource uses;  to decide on and manage the access and use arrangements of different users;  to facilitate mobility;  to conserve sacred sites; and  to prevent and resolve conflict.

In consideration of the above, Most appropriate unit for PLU planning in pastoral areas is the woreda or district.  The main reasons are the following: – Admin. boundaries should be used to define the unit Current admin. units are national, region, zone, woreda (district) and village (kebele). – The unit needs to be as close to and supportive of current landholding and/or management units of local land users – For the process to be ‘participatory’ the unit needs to be of a size that will allow effective inclusion of different stakeholder groups The planning unit

Key components of the WPLUP process include: A multistakeholder team including regional and woreda government land experts, a representative from each kebele, stakeholder groups e.g. pastoralists, women, youth (divided up into sub-teams) An early step of participatory mapping of the rangeland and rangeland resources by communities, to determine rangeland unit and whether it crosses woreda boundaries – if this is the case then woreda should plan together to keep rangeland unit intact Socio-economic and land capability information collected A land capability classification adapted to drylands Land use plan developed through problem/solution identification with communities – strong ownership by government and communities The process

Draft manual of WPLUP for Pastoral area is prepared with different stakeholder participation and commented and improved Training provided to Regional and Woreda experts where the piloting is done. Currently Pilot testing of pastoral LUP manual is near to be completed. The manual will be improved and finalized. Capacity of the regions to expand the implementation process will be developed The cost of the land use planning at Woreda level will be clearly determined.  Donors will be sought to support the process  Afar regional state is preparing to implement it in its regular program.  WPLUP is a key output for Ethiopia’s GTP II Status of WPLUP in pastoral areas of Ethiopia

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