WARM UP Think back to the our thermodynamics unit. In any exothermic reaction, lots of heat is created quickly, and the reaction creates lots of entropy.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chemical Thermodynamics

Advertisements

Entropy and Free Energy After reading Section 19.3, you should know: What entropy and free energy are How to determine whether the entrophy is increasing.

Spontaneous Processes

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry CHM Reeves CHM 101 – Chapter Nineteen Spontaneous Processes Entropy & the Second Law of Thermodynamics The.

The Cause of Chemical Change. Spontaneous Reactions: A reaction is said to be spontaneous if, after being given the necessary energy to begin the reaction.

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

The entropy, S, of a system quantifies the degree of disorder or randomness in the system; larger the number of arrangements available to the system, larger.

Thermodynamics B. Thermodynamics –Deals with the interconversion of heat an other forms of energy First Law: Energy can be converted from one form to.

Thermodynamics Chapter 19 Liquid benzene Production of quicklime Solid benzene ⇅ CaCO 3 (s) ⇌ CaO + CO 2.

Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics

Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 Spontaneous Processes and Entropy Thermodynamics lets us predict whether a process will.

Chapter 18 Entropy, Free Energy and Equilibrium

Chemical Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy and Equilibrium Chapter

Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 Chapter 18 Entropy, Free Energy and Equilibrium.

Entropy and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

AP Chemistry CHAPTER 17 Thermodynamics. Spontaneous process (“Thermodynamically favored”) -occurs without outside intervention -may be fast or slow.

Chemical Thermodynamics Chapter 19 (except 19.7!).

CHEMISTRY Matter and Change

Chemical Thermodynamics The chemistry that deals with the energy and entropy changes and the spontaneity of a chemical process.

Thermodynamics Chapter 20. Thermodynamics Prediction of whether change will occur No indication of timeframe Spontaneous: occurs without external intervention.

Thermodynamics Chapter 19 Brown-LeMay. I. Review of Concepts Thermodynamics – area dealing with energy and relationships First Law of Thermo – law of.

Spontaneity, Entropy, & Free Energy Chapter 16. 1st Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the law of conservation of.

Ch. 19: Chemical Thermodynamics (Thermochemistry II) Chemical thermodynamics is concerned with energy relationships in chemical reactions. - We consider.

Ch. 20: Entropy and Free Energy

Chapter 19 – Principles of Reactivity: Entropy and Free Energy Objectives: 1)Describe terms: entropy and spontaneity. 2)Predict whether a process will.

First Law of Thermodynamics-The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. Second Law of Thermodynamics- All real processes occur spontaneously.

AP Chemistry Chapter 17 Spontaneity of Reaction Spontaneous reactions What does that mean? Some occur without any “help” Others require some “help” No.

Chemical Thermodynamics Chapter Gibbs Free Energy and a Bit More About Entropy.

Thermodynamics Chapter 18.

In general, the more atoms in its molecules, the greater is the entropy of a substance Entropy is a function of temperature.

Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 AP Chem h/w , 17, 19, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31.

Chapter 17 Free Energy and Thermodynamics Lesson 1.

Thermodynamics. Spontaneity What does it mean when we say a process is spontaneous? A spontaneous process is one which occurs naturally with no external.

Thermodynamics Chapter 19. First Law of Thermodynamics You will recall from Chapter 5 that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Therefore, the total.

A.P. Chemistry Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy.

Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics HW:

Chapter 19 Notes Chemical Thermodynamics- Entropy and The Laws of Thermodynamics.

Chapter 19: Chemical Thermodynamics Spontaneous processes… …happen without outside help …are “product favored”

11 Entropy and Free Energy How to predict if a reaction can occur, given enough time? THERMODYNAMICS How to predict if a reaction can occur at a reasonable.

Spontaneous Reactions Proceed forward on their own without outside or external cause. Proceed forward on their own without outside or external cause. Certain.

1 Entropy & Gibbs Free Energy Chapter The heat tax No matter what the process, heat always lost to surroundings No matter what the process, heat.

Spontaneity, Entropy and Free Energy. Spontaneous Processes and Entropy  First Law “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed" The energy of the universe.

Chemistry 100 Chapter 19 Spontaneity of Chemical and Physical Processes: Thermodynamics.

The Driving Forces of Reactions. In chemistry we are concerned with whether a reaction will occur spontaneously, and under what conditions will it occur.

What are the driving forces behind chemical reactions?

Thermodynamics. study of energy changes that accompany physical and chemical processes. Thermochemistry is one component of thermodynamics which focuses.

ENTROPY Measure of: Level of disorder in a system or Number of Microscopic Energy Levels Available to a Molecule (i.e. microstates)

The Driving Forces of Reactions AP Chemistry. In chemistry we are concerned with whether a reaction will occur spontaneously, and under what conditions.

Spontaneity, Entropy, & Free Energy Chapter 16. 1st Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the law of conservation of.

Chapter 19 Part 4: Predicting reactions & the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

J Villamil, Franklin Magnet HS1 Spontaneous Processes and Entropy Thermodynamics lets us predict whether a process will occur but gives no information.

Spontaneous Processes and Entropy First Law “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed“. The energy of the universe is constant. Spontaneous Processes.

Predicting and Calculating Entropy

Entropy – Randomness & Disorder Mr Nelson

Thermodynamics: Spontaneity, Entropy and Free Energy.

Chemistry 101 : Chap. 19 Chemical Thermodynamics (1) Spontaneous Processes (2) Entropy and The Second Law of Thermodynamics (3) Molecular Interpretation.

Entropy (S) is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. orderS disorder S  S = S f - S i If the change from initial to final results in an.

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium Chapter 18 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Thermodynamics Will a reaction happen?. Energy Substances tend to react to achieve the lowest energy state. Most chemical reactions are exothermic. Doesn’t.

Thermodynamics (the other part) Topic 19 in Red Book Chapter 16 in textbook.

Chapter 17.  Define key terms and concepts  Explain the three laws of thermodynamics.  Calculate the entropy for a system.  Determine if a reaction.

Thermodynamics (Part 2) Chapter 19. Questions to be answered... Will a given reaction occur “by itself” at a particular temperature and pressure without.

Chemical Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics You will recall from earlier this year that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Therefore, the.

Entropy & Spontaneity Chapter 17. Review Enthalpy – ∆H=q - heat of reaction Exothermic vs. endothermic Exothermic is generally favored in nature Kinetics.

Entropy and Free Energy Thermodynamics: the science of energy transfer – Objective: To learn how chemists predict when reactions will be product-favored.

Spontaneous process – any process, once started, proceeds without the external input of energy nonspontaneous process – any process which requires the.

Thermodynamics the study of energy transformations and transfer THREE QUESTIONS to be addressed: 1. Will a reaction occur when two substances are mixed.

Ch. 19: Spontaneity (“Thermodynamically Favored”), Entropy and Free Energy.

WARM UP Think back to the our thermodynamics unit. In any exothermic reaction, lots of heat is created quickly, and the reaction creates lots of entropy.

Entropy, Free Energy and Equilibrium

Presentation transcript:

WARM UP Think back to the our thermodynamics unit. In any exothermic reaction, lots of heat is created quickly, and the reaction creates lots of entropy. What is entropy?

Entropy Chemistry II

Entropy (S) A measure of disorder/randomness – More disorder, higher entropy – Universe tends to move toward greater entropy

Entropy (S) Microstates (probable arrangements) – Ludwig Boltzmann – The more microstates, the higher the entropy

Second Law of Thermodynamics The entropy of the universe increases in a spontaneous process – Decreases in a non-spontaneous one

Entropy Calculations Standard entropy – From known data – Appendix 3 – Δ S rxn = S products – S reactants Unit is J/K·mol

Entropy Calculations Entropy and Energy – Δ S universe = Δ S rxn + -(Δ E) rxn – Heat production increases entropy

Third Law of Thermodynamics The entropy of a perfect/pure crystalline solid is zero at a temp of 0 K (absolute zero) – Perfect order

Third Law of Thermodynamics – Allows for standard entropy calculations Δ S = S final – 0

WRAP UP Predict the entropy change for the following: – Burning gas in your car – Melting ice – Locker clean-out day

WARM UP Define entropy. Explain the second law of thermodynamics. Why does the universe work this way?

VIDEO CLIP The Big Bang Theory – Season 1 Episode 2

WRAP UP 1.Use the standard entropies to calculate the standard entropy of: H 2(g) + ½ O 2(g)  H 2 O (l). (remember that you need to factor stoichiometry into your equation)