CHAPTER 12 SECTION 3 Christianity in Western Europe

Key Terms Alfred the Great Clovis Medieval Christendom Gregory the Great Monasticism Augustine of Hippo Benedictine Rule Abbot

New Kingdoms in Europe Fall of Rome different for the West than the East Germanic tribes established small kingdoms

Anglo Saxon England Anglos and Saxons both came from Germany Established 7 small kingdoms in England 500’s monks arrives as missionaries Augustine the Archbishop of Canterbury

Anglo Saxon England Kingdoms remained independent Danes invaded northern England United under Alfred the Great Alfred pushed back the Danes

Anglo Saxon England Alfred  Reorganized the army  Issued code of laws  Improved financial system  Established schools for children and adults

The Franks Gaul modern France 400’s led by Clovis Prayed for victory Clovis and 3,000 soldiers baptized by a bishop Franks became major power of western Europe 800’s Charlemagne (height of power)

Christian European Society Christianity confined to southern Europe Medieval-Middle ages, full of suffering, doubt and hardship Offered comfort and a happy afterlife, sense of community

Spreading Christianity Many Europeans became missionaries Patrick went to Ireland Faced hostility from Irish leaders 460 nearly all of Ireland was Christian Christendom- Christian society in western Europe

Strengthening the Papacy Middle ages pope had little authority Pope was just another bishop Gregory the Great-as successor to Peter, pope was supreme patriarch of the Church Strengthened papacy, canon law, monasticism  Separation from society

Sharing Beliefs Faith interpreted differently as it spread Church studied this and made official responses Augustine of Hippo- writings helped shape Christian doctrine  Used ideas of Plato  Pay less attention to the material world

Monks and Monastaries Pope Gregory increasing emphasis on Monks Gregory was a monk before pope Monasticism gained popularity Egyptian Monks lived alone as hermits Monks lived in monasteries and shared rules

Monks and Monasteries Two types of monastic life Similar rules  Communal life  Based on labor  Worship  Scholarship  Life in monastaries might be different

Benedictines Most common form of monasticism Benedict of Nursia wrote the rules 500’s called Benedictine rules 529 established a monastery at Monte Cassino

Benedictines Abbot- leader of monks Benedictine order- took vows of poverty and obedience Combination of prayer and labor 9 prayer and work periods Farm labor, copying manuscripts

Benedictine Each on its own Trained the finest minds in the middle ages Preserved knowledge of Greece and Rome Centers of wealth Nobles donated money and gifts in exchange for prayers

Celtic Monasteries Developed in Ireland Monks were more severe Long fasts Days in solitary confinement Build on small islands Isolation help to focus on faith

Celtic Monasteries Led by abbots Had more authority then Benedictines Bishop most important religious figure Ireland had few large cities People turned to the abbots

Celtic Monastaries Lindisfarne most famous Gospels are the most beautiful illustrated manuscript Greatest artistic achievements of middle ages

Celtic monks were scholars Preserved ancient knowledge Spread Christianity to British Isles Some monks traveled to France