 What is one food/item that you CANNOT live without?  List all reason as to why  If it came down to life or death, would you be able to survive without?

 You have 10 minutes to complete your collage definitions.

SECTION 1: -Buffalo central to life on the Plains Great Plains: 1. Grasslands in west-central portion of the U.S , Great Plains one huge reservation , specific boundaries for each tribe 4. Treaty of Fort Laramie –Sioux to reservation, Sitting Bull refuses 5. Assimilation – native to give up way of life, join white culture , Dawes Act to “Americanize” natives, break up reservations 7. Battle of Wounded Knee Cavalry kill 300 unarmed Native Americans Battle ends Indian wars 8. Cowboys: hired to drive cattle (longdrives), became figures in pop culture “Wild Bill” Calamity Jane

SECTION 2  1862 Homestead Act offers 160 acres free to any head of household  , up to 600,000 families settle  Exodusters – Southern African-American settlers in Kansas  Women now doing the work of a man on farms Morrill Act of 1862, 1890 finances agricultural colleges

SECTION 3  Farmers buy more land to grow more crops to pay off debts  Prices of crops fall dramatically Populism – movement of the people; Populist Party wants reforms  The Panic of 1893  Railroads expand faster than markets; some go bankrupt  Government’s gold supply depleted, leads to rush on banks  Businesses, banks collapse  Republicans: Northeast business owners, bankers  Democrats: Southern, Western farmers, laborers  Bimetallism – system using bother silver and gold to back currency  1896, Republicans commit to gold, select William McKinley  Democrats favor bimetallism, choose William Jennings Bryan  William McKinley elected 1896

 Please discuss the hardships that as a farmer you faced, the successes etc. Based off of the simulation yesterday, what did you learn about the hardships of farmers during this time period. (3-5 sentences)

 After Civil War, technology and industry changed in the U.S. 3 REASONS  Natural Resources: oil, coal, iron  Inventions  Growing Cities

 OIL: oil industries began in Cleveland and Pittsburgh, led to gas  COAL: Production increased 8 times as much in 30 years.  IRON: Began to make steel with iron- used for railroads, farm tools, bridges, buildings

 -Thomas Edison – created 1 st research lab- invented light bulbs, power plants for electricity  Christopher Sholes invented type writer  Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone  electricity ran machines, streetcars  POSITIVE EFFECTS: employees worked faster, citizens enjoyed new products

 st Transcontinental Railroad completed  ,000 miles of rail lines connect in U.S.  CONS: Railroads difficult and dangerous to work on, difficult to schedule: time zones created: Eastern, Mountain, Central, Pacific  PROS: Linked different regions in U.S. new towns, traveling faster, industries and trade increased

 Wanted land to go to farming  High prices to trade using trains  Munn v. Illinois (1877)- government regulate private industries to protect public interest  Interstate Commerce Act- government power over railroads

 Andrew Carnegie- tried to control whole steel industry (2 ways)  Vertical Integration: company buys out suppliers  Horizontal Integration: companies merge if produce similar products  Social Darwinism: theory that only strong survive

 Entrepreneurs: monopolize competition  - Sherman Antitrust Act- illegal to form trusts  Workers formed unions  NLU (National Labor Union)- legalize 8 hour day  CNLU (Colored National Labor Union)  AFL( American Federation of Labor)  IWW ( Industrial Workers of the World)

 improve conditions, many violent  Haymarket Affair (1886)- bomb exploded in workers strike, killed many  George Pullman- invented sleeping cars- high demand  Pullman Company- U.S. troops called in to stop violence  Unions continued to grow despite pressure of government action

 What year was it made  What does the octopus have around its tentacles – shipping, state house, capitol building, politicians, business owners, copper/steel, white house, state house  Why was this cartoon made - John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil was one of the biggest and most controversial “big businesses” of the post-Civil War industrial era. As result of highly competitive practices, by the 1880s Standard Oil had merged with or driven out of business most of its competitors and controlled 90% of the oil refining business in the U.S. In addition to this process of horizontal combination, Rockefeller vertically integrated to control every facet of oil production. Standard Oil owned not just refineries, but oil wells, pipelines, retail distribution outlets. Businessmen and politicians challenged the power of Standard Oil in court and legislation, but the firm continued to evolve, survive, and dominate the oil business. Many critics complained that Standard Oil had become too strong and exerted influence on the government itself. Standard Oil was finally split up into thirty-eight companies by a 1911 Supreme Court anti-trust ruling.