Allergic Rhinitis- inflammation of the nasal airways from an allergen (dust, pollen, animal dander). Symptoms runny noseitching eye rednessswelling Treatment- nasal corticosteroids Pulmonary Disorders

Asthma- inflammation of the airways in the lungs, which causes the lungs to swell and narrow. (exacerbated by smoking, allergens, infection) Symptoms wheezingshortness of breath coughing Treatment- long acting B 2 agonist, inhaled corticosteroids, and oral corticosteroids Pulmonary Disorders

Bronchospasm- sudden constriction of the bronchioles in the lungs. It can occur in patients with asthma, bronchitis, and anaphylaxis. Treatment- short acting B 2 agonist Pulmonary Disorders

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - 2 main forms; 1. Chronic bronchitis: long term cough with mucus 2. Emphysema: destruction of lungs over time Most common cause is smoking. Progressive disorder with no cure. Treatment- B2 agonist, inhaled corticosteroids, inhaled anticholinergics, and oral corticosteroids. Pulmonary Disorders

B 2 Agonist MOA: Open up lungs by relaxing bronchial muscles Indications: Asthma, bronchospasm, COPD, ADRs: Dizziness, nervousness, tachycardia Contraindications: Long-acting should not be used for acute exacerbations. Indicated for prevention of exacerbations. Pulmonary Medications

Pulmonary Medications: B 2 Agonist GenericBrandFormStrengths AlbuterolAccuNeb,ProAir Ventolin, VoSpire Inhaler, Nebulization, Solution, Tablet 90 mcg 2 mg/5 mL 2 mg- 8 mg FormoterolForadil, PerforomistInhaler, Nebulization12 mcg 20 mcg/2mL LevalbuterolXopenexInhaler, Nebulization45 mcg 0.31 mg/3 mL SalmeterolSereventInhaler50 mcg

Corticosteroid, Inhaled MOA: Decrease inflammation in lungs Indications: Asthma, COPD ADRs: Oral candidiasis, respiratory infection Contraindications: Not used for acute exacerbations, reduction in growth of pediatric patients. Note: common ending -asone Pulmonary Medications

Pulmonary Medications: Corticosteroids GenericBrandFormStrengths BeclomethasoneQVARInhaler40 mcg, 80 mcg FluticasoneFloventInhaler, Disk Inhaler44 mcg-220 mcg 50 mcg- 250 mcg MometasoneFloventTwisthaler110 mcg, 220 mcg

Anticholinergic, Inhaled MOA: Bronchodilation and decreased production Indications: Bronchitis, bronchospasm, COPD, emphysema ADRs: Cough, paradoxical bronchospasm Contraindications: blurred vision if sprayed in eyes, only for acute attacks, Pulmonary Medications

Pulmonary Medications: Anticholinerginic GenericBrandFormStrengths AclidiniumTudorzaInhaler40 mcg IpratropiumAtroventInhaler, Disk Inhaler17 mcg 500 mcg/2.5 mL TiotropiumSpirivaHandiHaler18 mcg

Corticosteroids, Nasal MOA: Decreases inflammation in nose Indications: Allergic rhinitis ADRs: Dizziness, epistaxis, gastrointestinal upset Contraindications: only take 2 weeks Pulmonary Medications

Pulmonary Medications: Nasal GenericBrandFormStrengths FluticasonFlonase, VeramystSuspension27.5 mcg/inhalation 50 mg/inhalation Mometasone nasalNasonexSuspension50 mcg/spray

Corticosteroids, Systemic MOA: Decreases inflammation and immune system Indications: Anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant in a variety of diseases (allergic reactions, arthritis, asthma, Chron’s disease, dermatitis, organ transplant ADRs: Adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia, infection, nausea, osteoporosis, psychiatric disorders, weight gain Contraindications: lowest dose for shortest time, gradual tapering of dose when stopping Pulmonary Medications

Pulmonary Medications: Anticholinerginic GenericBrandFormStrengths MethylprednisoloneDepo-Medrol, Medrol,Solu-Medrol Injection Tablet 40 mg- 2 g PrednisoloneFlo-Pred, Millipred, Orapred, Pediapred, Veripred Solution Suspension Tablet Tablet, ODT 5mg/5mL- 25 mg/5mL 15 mg/5mL 10 mg- 30 mg PrednisoneDeltasone, RayosSolution Tablet 1 mg/mL- 5 mg/mL 1 mg- 50 mg

Antitussives MOA: Supress cough Indications: symptomatic relief of cough ADRs: Confusion, sedation Contraindications: potential for abuse, Codeine is a C-II, Cough Cold Medications

Cough Medications: Antitussives GenericBrandFormStrengths BenzonateTessalon Perles, Zonatuss Capsule100 mcg- 200 mcg CodeineSolution Tablet 30 mg/ 5 mL 15 mg-60 mg DextromethorphanDelsym, Robafen,Robitussin, Triaminic, Vicks Capsule Liquid Lozenge Strip, ODT, Tablet 15 mg 7.5 mg/5mL- 30 mg/30mL 5-15 mg

Decongestants MOA: decrease inflammation, swelling, and mucus in nose and lungs Indications: relief of nasal congestion ADRs: Dizziness, nervousness, tachycardia Contraindications: cation in patients with hypertension and heart disease Cough Cold Medications

Cough Medications: Decongestants GenericBrandFormStrengths PseudoephedrineSudafed, SudoGuest, Sudo-Tab Caplet, Liquid, Tablet,120 mg- 240 mg Restricted Sales due to deter illegal manufacturing of crystal methamphetamine

Expectorant MOA: Decreases thickness of and break up of mucous and stimulates coughing Indications: loosen phlegm and thin bronchial secretions to make coughs more productive ADRs: Minimal-Dizziness, headache Cough Cold Medications

Cough Medications: Expectorant GenericBrandFormStrengths GuafenesinHumibid, Mucinex, Q- Tussin Caplet, Granules, Liquid, Tablet, 400 mg-1200 mg

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist MOA: Inhibit the leukotriene receptor Indications: allergic rhinitis, asthma ADRs: headache, dizziness Contraindications: not used for acute exacerbations of asthma Cough Cold Medications

Cough Medications: Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists GenericBrandFormStrengths MontelukastSingulairGranules, Tablet Tablet, chewable 4 mg/packet 4 mg, 5 mg ZafirlukastAccolateTablet10 mg, 20 mg

Cough Medications: Combination Products GenericBrandFormStrengths Guaifenesin/codeineCheratussin AC, Guaiatussin AC, Robafen AC Caplet, Liquid, Tablet,200 mg/9 mg- 400 mg/20 mg Promethazine/codeinePhenergan/CodeineSyrup6.25/10 mg/5mL

Histamine-1 Antagonist (Antihistamines) MOA: Inhibit the histamine-1 receptor 1 st generation: diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine 2 nd generation: cetirizine, descloratadine, fexofenadine, levocetirizine, loratadine Indications: 1 st generation: allergic rhinitis, anxiety, insomnia, sedation uticaria 2 nd generation: allergic rhinitis, uticaria ADRs: headache, gastrointestinal upset, sedation Contraindications: first generation more sedating Cough Cold Medications

Cough Medications: Histamine-1 Antagonists GenericBrandFormStrengths FexofenadineAllegraSuspension Tablet 6 mg/mL 30 mg-180 mg HydroxyzineAtarax, VistarilCapsule Injection Syrup Tablet 25 mg- 100 mg 25 mg/mL- 50 mg/mL