SOUTHERN COLONIES Chapter 2: The planting of English America

WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTHERN COLONIES? Factors that influenced the development of these colonies include the climate, the plantation system, religion, and relations with Native Americans.

THEN AND NOW, THE CLIMATE OF THESE SOUTHERN STATES IS WARM AND HUMID. These states have a long growing season perfect for crops such as tobacco and rice.

ENGLAND’S SOUTHERN COLONIES, LIKE ITS OTHER COLONIES, WERE FOUNDED FOR VARIOUS RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL REASONS AND FOR ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES.

Southern Colonies VirginiaMaryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

MAIN IDEA 1: THE SETTLEMENT IN JAMESTOWN WAS THE FIRST PERMANENT ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IN AMERICA. King James I allowed the London Company to settle in a region called Virginia. The first colonists arrived in America on April 26, They settled in Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America. Virginia Charter The colonists were not prepared to build and farm. Two-thirds died by their first winter. “Starving Time”

RELATIONS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS John Smith became the leader of Jamestown in Colonists were helped by the powerful Powhatan Confederacy of Indians. More settlers arrived, but many died from famine and disease. Settler John Rolfe married Pocahontas, which helped form peaceful relations with the Powhatan. Conflict started between colonists and the Powhatan in 1622 and lasted for 20 years.

Headright System Tobacco/Corn A Person who paid for the passage of an indentured servant received 50 acres of land Labor Most workers were indentured servants: The first Africans were brought as slaves and servants in MAIN IDEA 2: DAILY LIFE IN VIRGINIA WAS CHALLENGING TO THE COLONISTS.

During th centuries  million African sent to new world; 400,000 to North America:

VIRGINIA’S POPULATION GREW GRADUALLY, BUT BY 1670, 40,000 PEOPLE LIVED THERE. By the 1670s, there were more women in Virginia, and more children as well, because fewer were dying at a young age. But as Virginia’s white population grew, the Native American population shrank White Population Native American Population

BACON’S REBELLION: 1676 Land and Voting Rights Poor young white men could not get farmland near the coast because wealthy Virginia tobacco planters bought it all. Without property, men could not vote. Many poor colonists moved inland to find good farmland, but they had to fight Native Americans for it. Politics Poor colonists asked the governor to force the Native Americans to give up their land. The governor did not want to disrupt the fur trade with Native Americans.

In 1675, Nathaniel Bacon organized 1,000 settlers to kill Native Americans for their land Virginia’s governor declared the settlers rebels, and in retaliation Bacon burned Jamestown. Bacon’s Rebellion collapsed when Bacon died, but the governor still could not stop settlers from moving onto Native American lands.

2 ND PLANTATION COLONY: MARYLAND In 1632, King Charles I granted a charter for a new colony to George Calvert, an English Catholic. Calvert set up the colony of Maryland, where Catholics could live free of the persecution they suffered in England. The first settlers included both Catholics and Protestants.

Soon there was tension between Protestants and Catholics, and Lord Baltimore feared Catholics might lose their rights In 1649, he convinced Maryland’s assembly to pass the Act of Toleration, which welcomed all Christians and gave adult male Christians the right to vote and hold office. When Calvert died, his son Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore, became proprietor of the colony.

MARYLAND WAS GRANTED TO CECIL CALVERT (AKA LORD BALTIMORE 2 ND ). Calvert declared Maryland a haven of religious tolerance for all Christians, and it became the first major Catholic enclave in the New World

RESTORATION COLONIES: CAROLINAS/GEORGIA All of these colonies were proprietorships, meaning that 1 man or group of men owned all the land, parceled it out to tenants and demanded quitrents, and controlled the government.

Background: There was a civil war in England between the Crown and the Puritans. King Charles I was executed in 1649 and the Puritans ruled until 1660, when Charles II retook the English throne in To reward them for their service in the English Civil Wars, the king gave land to his supporters to be governed however they pleased, generally for the purpose of making money

AFTER THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR, THE REIGN OF CHARLES II WAS CALLED THE RESTORATION BECAUSE IT RESTORED THE ENGLISH MONARCHY. Charles repaid political favors by establishing proprietary colonies, or colonies owned by one person, who usually received the land as a gift from the king

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES WERE MOTIVES FOR FOUNDING OTHER SOUTHERN COLONIES, INCLUDING MARYLAND, THE CAROLINAS, AND GEORGIA. English Catholics came to America to escape religious persecution. Maryland was founded as a refuge for Catholics by Lord Baltimore in The Maryland assembly passed the Toleration Act of 1649 to support religious tolerance. The Carolinas and Georgia expanded economic opportunities.

THE CAROLINAS As a reward for helping him gain the throne, Charles II granted a huge tract of land between VA and Spanish Florida to 8 nobles in 1663

IMPACT OF BRITISH WEST INDIES Sugar Plantation society Large Slave Population Slave Codes Small farmers Goal Of Carolinas:  Grow foodstuff for sugar plantations in west. Indies  Export non English products  Rice main cash crop  Adopt slave codes  Charles Town most active seaport in south

THE CAROLINAS WERE ALSO A PROPRIETARY COLONY, WHICH ULTIMATELY SPLIT IN TWO:

Fundamental Constitutions in the Carolinas. determined voting rights Anglican church official church of the state secret ballot religious freedom an orderly society controlled by a titled, landed gentry in Carolina never ratified

North Carolina 1712: refuge for poor whites Most democratic, independent, least aristocratic of original 13 colonies The earliest inhabitants of this region were displaced former indentured servants from the Chesapeake. Most established small tobacco farms.

GEORGIA – THE LAST COLONY A proprietary Set up for 2 reasons  Defensive buffer  Rid England’s overcrowded jails of debtors Special Regulations  Prohibition of slavery Colony did not thrive because of the constant threat of Spanish attack Taken over by the British government in 1752 when Oglethorpe and his group gave up  Colony grew slowly by adopting the plantation system of South Carolina

THE SOUTHERN COLONIES The Big Idea Despite a difficult beginning, the southern colonies soon flourished. Main Ideas The settlement in Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America. Daily life in Virginia was challenging to the colonists. Religious freedom and economic opportunities were motives for founding other southern colonies, including Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia. Farming and slavery were important to the economies of the southern colonies. Anglicanism dominated, but religious toleration prevalent 8.1

During the 1700s, the Southern Colonies developed two distinct ways of life. Plantation LifeBackcountry Life

The backcountry was cut off from the coast by poor roads and long distances. Families lived on isolated farms in shacks, often on land not legally their own. Backcountry people believed colonial governments on the coast cared only about the interests of plantation owners, not about them.

In time, the enslaved populated outnumbered the free population of South Carolina. The plantation system also divided the white community into: A small group of wealthy people. A much larger group of poor people with little or no property who lived in the backcountry South.